The tourism development debate includes many studies on how residents perceive positive or negative tourism impacts, based on sustainability, as understood by a three-pillar concept. However, so far studies were very limited in addressing certain requirements for sustainable tourism, such as informed stakeholders' participation and cooperationwhich represent the subject of this study. The survey that was undertaken follows previous ones in using the established three-pillar sustainability concept in order to define impacts of tourism. Further, it adds to tourism research by surveying informedness and developmental involvement. A fourdimensional informedness-involvement tourism grid is used to segment residents and their perceptions on tourism impacts in each segment are analysed. The model is empirically applied to the Slovenian lake and mountain destination of Bled. The findings confirm that highly informed and highly involved residents had better perceptions of tourism than all other groups, whereas those residents who were lowly informed and lowly involved had more negative perceptions of tourism. The survey contributes by expanding knowledge on resident perceptions of tourism by adding in the aspects of informedness and involvement. The proposed model can be applied to any destination to help manage residents' opinions and consequently their support for tourism development.
Residents’ voluntary word-of-mouth (WOM), especially positive WOM, is scarcely investigated. Since different human–place relationship factors influence residents’ WOM, further understanding of how residents evaluate the place affects their voluntary behaviors is essential. Using PLS-based structural equation modeling, this study investigates the linkages between residents’ self-congruity, place satisfaction, engagement, expectations, and WOM. Results based on 313 residents of Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Pula (Croatia) suggest that (1) place satisfaction and place expectations only directly affect one-to-one positive WOM; (2) actual and ideal self-congruities affect place satisfaction, engagement, and expectations; (3) place engagement has a substantial direct impact on both one-to-many and many-to-many WOM; and that (4) actual and ideal social self-congruities have a direct influence on many-to-many WOM. In general, this study adds to the literature by detailing how different WOMs are motivated by various factors via different psychological mechanisms.
Purpose -This paper aims to propose a new line of research that explores the relationship between residents and destination brand building behaviours through the concept of place attachment. Design and methodology -We conducted a literature review on place attachment and brand building behaviour, and focused more specifically on place identity as an accumulation based dimension of place attachment and word-of-mouth as a behavioural outcome. Approach -With the emergence of new technologies, tourism managers no longer have a complete control over the development of destination brand, since various communication tools enable for residents to engage in the destination branding process. This calls for rethinking the role of residents in destination branding and the necessity to explore various place attachment dimensions and their outcomes. Findings -This study proposes a conceptual framework to understand the role of residents in the construction of the image of their place of residence as a tourism destination. Within this framework, we suggested that place satisfaction may affect residents' internalisation process, contributing to residents' behavioural output process, resulting in positive word-of-mouth, participation in tourism activities, and demonstration of destination ambassador behaviour. Originality -Despite the wide interest of researchers in human-place relationship, few studies have focused on residents' place attachment and its outcomes. This framework suggests that it is important to understanding how residents form place attachment; how they perceive their place of residence as a tourism destination, and what they communicate in order to create positive destination image and strong destination brand.
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