A prospective, quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2009 at urban health centres (UHCs) of five townships of Mandalay, Myanmar, to improve the skill of midwives (MWs) in diagnosis and referral of pre-eclampsia (PE) from UHC to the Central Women's Hospital (CWH) and to enhance the supervision of midwives by lady health visitors (LHVs). The intervention was training on quality antenatal care focusing on PE using an updated training manual. Altogether, 75 health care providers (MWs & LHVs) participated. In this study, data were extracted from patient registers and monthly reports of UHCs and CWH. Interviewers were trained regarding the conduct of semi-structured questionnaires to elicit knowledge and to use checklists in observation of skills in screening of PE, measuring blood pressure and urine protein (dipstick test). A guide for LHVs was also used to obtain data, and data was collected six months prior to and after the intervention. Significant improvements from baseline to endline survey occurred in the knowledge (p<0.001) and skill levels (p<0.001) including skills for screening, measuring blood pressure and urine protein. At CWH, there was an increase in referred cases of PE after the intervention, from 1.25% to 2.56% (p<0.001). In conclusion, this study highlights the early detection of pre-eclampsia by widespread use of quality antenatal care, education and training of health-care providers to improve their performance and increase human resources for health care, in order to enable women in our society to have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies.
In this paper, we examine effect of dietary protein quality on the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon fabricius) and how food consumption and diet quality can affect the shrimp growth and survival. This model can predict population of the shrimp under shrimp aquaculture conditions. Simple models for describing and predicting growth and feed requirement of black tiger shrimp under shrimp aquaculture conditions are presented. The main idea of this research is to predict decision making process for the aquaculture bioinformatics using proposed models. We present and disseminate the linear programming method, in order to attain optimized solutions of shrimp aquaculture problems involving economics and nutrition. First, we present the formulation of a diet at minimum cost using three different formulated feeds. Second we describe maximum growth rate of the shrimp and later, we present maximum survival rate of shrimp under various kinds of formulated shrimp feeds. In a world with increasingly scarce resources and every day more competitive, linear programming could be used to search optimized solutions for aquaculture problems.
Background: Mentoring is the relationship of a guide or a teacher with another person/student augmenting his/her carrier growth, knowledge, skills, and experiences implemented by caring, sharing and helping hands. The aim of this paper is to highlight the mentoring, type of mentoring, how important of matching and consideration of ethical issue in mentoring program. Not missing these significant points, mentoring program could be successful in universities including medical faculty.
Methods: The SMART principles of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound are essential to structure the matching between mentor and mentee. The rule of etiquette and ethical issues are crucial and beneficial for mentor mentee relationship. Clinical mentoring programs help to develop students’ clinical skills and can increase interest in under-subscribed specialties. Positive mentoring plays a part in reversing the decline of academic medicine, by sparking interest through early research experiences.
Results: There is the short term goal which is to introduce an immediate support network for incoming students and the long term goal is to cultivate a mentoring culture to engage all strata of medical students and every faculty member. Medical students expressed that mentoring program is to provide counselling, develop professionalism, increase students' interest in research, and support them in their personal growth.
Conclusion: The goal of mentorship is to provide additional support to student or mentee by steering of the academic needs or social prerequisites to accelerate the personal and professional development of mentee with advice, guide and feed backs from the mentor.
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