The demand for large-scale watershed and sewershed planning studies in the United States has been increasing steadily over the past ten years. In large part, the demand is driven by major government programs regulating combined sewer overflows (CSO), sanitary sewer overflows (SSO), and storm water discharges. The implementation of these regulatory programs often results in local or regional public agencies embarking upon large multi-year studies requiring a comprehensive inventory of watershed and sewershed infrastructure, a characterization of the hydrologic and hydraulic function of that infrastructure, and analyses into the mechanisms by which pollutants are discharged into receiving waters. Significant monetary investments are made into comprehensive field investigations and surveys, hydrologic and hydraulic models, and regional facilities planning to develop and implement short-and long-term CSO and SSO control strategies.Accurately determining the quantity of extraneous flow that enters public sewers and private service laterals is a critical component of these comprehensive studies. The amount of rainfall dependent inflow and infiltration (RDII) entering the separate sewer systems varies from site to site and event to event as precipitation over a sewershed may produce different RDII responses within the sewers at different times of the year. The Lower Ohio hydrologic and hydraulic modeling project in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania provided a unique opportunity to improve upon the accuracy and reliability of model simulations by incorporating monthly variations in sewer system responses to rainfall events. The completed analyses and model implementation were successful in quantifying site specific and seasonal variations observed in RDII responses.
The demand for large-scale watershed and sewershed planning studies in the United States has been increasing steadily over the past ten years. In large part, the demand is driven by major government programs regulating combined sewer overflows, sanitmy sewer overflows, and storm water discharges. The implementation of these regulatory programs often results in local or regional public agencies embarking upon large multi-year studies requiring a comprehensive inventory of watershed and sewershed infrastructure, a characterization ofthe hydrologic and hydraulic function ofthat infrastructure, and analyses of the water-polluting elements and processes. Significant monetary investments are being made into comprehensive field investigations and surveys, hydrologic and hydraulic models, and regional facilities planning to develop and implement short-and long-term combined sewer overflmv (CSO) and sanitary sewer overflow (SSO) control strategies. The amount and rate of rainfall and snowfall are the key driving force in the quantity of extraneous flow that enters public sewers and private service laterals and the frequency and duration of wastewater discharges into receiving water bodies. However, it is not uncommon to observe that disproportionately small investments are being made to improve the precision and accuracy of regional rainfall measurement. It has been demonstrated and documented in cities throughout the United States and around the world that calibrated radar-rainfall systems can provide accurate and precise rainfall measurement for large geographic areas. However, quantitative evaluations are relatively sparse that document whether
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