Although the ILS did identify Vermunt's four learning styles, different learning environments influence the precise characteristics of each learning style.

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This paper presents a critical review of the most frequently used case definitions in CFS. There are currently five case definitions of CFS; however, the most prominent and widely used of these definitions is the 1994 Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Case Definitions. However, the pre-eminence of this definition over the others has never been substantiated and it has been widely criticized for its lack of specificity. Furthermore, none of the above case definitions have produced evidence to demonstrate their accuracy or precision at defining cases of CFS. A summary description of the symptom profile included in each of the case definitions is provided. The inconsistencies that have emerged in CFS research as a consequence of differing approaches to case definition are also highlighted and discussed.

Accessible Summary: Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) causes a broad range of both neurological and neurocognitive impairment  Mental health nurses are required to provide programs designed to facilitate individuals with chronic alcohol dependency to radically change their drinking behaviour, invariably with an abstinence focus. No evidence was found that related to the nutritional and physical intervention needs of this group. Most instruments used to access domains relevant to ARBD in terms of providing a comprehensive assessment have not been validated in this group Abstract Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) is primarily caused by chronic alcohol misuse and thiamine deficiency and results in a broad range of impairments. Despite the increasing incidence of ARBD in the UK in recent decades, it is currently underdiagnosed, managed inappropriately and treated inadequately. Moreover, information about assessments for individuals with ARBD is currently absent from clinical guidelines and policy documents.The aim of this paper was to review the evidence relating to the neurological, neuropsychological, psychosocial, physical and nutritional assessment of individuals with ARBD, to identify appropriate assessment tools which could be used to measure and monitor the impact of ARBD over time. A systematic online database search revealed a total of 160 separate references, 133 of which were rejected and 2 of which could not be accessed. 25 papers were included in the review, including 6 neuroimaging studies, 17 neuropsychological studies and 2 studies using psychosocial methods of assessment. A lack of evidence for nutritional and physical assessment of individuals with ARBD was found. The review findings are inconclusive, most instruments currently used in ARBD research have not specifically been validated for use within an ARBD context. Further research is required to identify comprehensive methods of ARBD assessment.

Aims: The prevalence of alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) is recognised to be increasing in the Western world. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence concerning interventions in ARBD. Design and