Given that geographers excel at measuring and explaining spatial variations in attributes, it is surprising that they are not more aware that relationships may vary over space. It is still normal practice, for example, to estimate a set of parameters in a model and to assume that the relationships represented by these values apply equally to all locations and in all directions. Recently, however, there have been several applications of Casetti's expansion method that have been focused on measuring anisotropic trends around locations. Here this technique is used to examine possible anisotropy in distance-decay relationships around origins. That is, the authors attempt to answer the question: does the rate of distance decay vary with direction? The conclusions reached in previous research on this topic are only partially supported here. Via US migration data, it is suggested that although there is evidence of directional variation in distance decay around some origins, and this evidence leads to some interesting insights into the mental representation of space by US migrants, it is impossible to identify any overall trend across origins in directional variability.
The locations that two sellers will choose in a linear market has long been of interest. I t is well accepted that jrms will tend to cluster in the center of the market as long as demand for the product is inelastic and the market area is bounded. I t has also been stated that clustering is less strong as demand becomes more elastic, but questions of when this dispersion occurs and what affects it remain to be addressed. This paper further explores clustering in spatial duopoly as elastic demand is allowed. Results indicate that the clustering behavior of sellers is related to the price of the product they sell, the cost to the consumer of acquiring the product, and the elasticity of demand. Locations of sellers in a linear market will lie between the median location and the quartiles as these parameters vary.Since Harold Hotelling's (1929) seminal work on the location of competing sellers in a linear market, many researchers have concerned themselves with the concept of the clustering of sellers. Most of the work in this area, though, has focussed on the pricing decision (Haining 1985), or at best on the paired price-location decision [Fik and Mulligan (1991) are interested in geographic characteristics foremost, but still ignore the unique location question with which we are here concerned]. In our experiences, however, pricing decisions are daily (and nearly costless) or at least short-term decisions while the location of production/sales involves very lumpy investments that a seller would be unwilling to give up in order to take advantage of small and/or temporary rewards (see Krider and Weinberg 1997). This characteristic leaves firms with an inertialaden decision to make in the location of the facility initially with no guarantee of being able to continue to command prices for their goods that yield economic profit. Bester (1989) and Hamilton, MacLeod, and Thisse (1991) suggest that dispersion will occur to allow firms to command higher prices through spatial monopolistic pricing-we do not reject this conclusion, but we offer another one that can help explain location decisions. This paper is interested in the posiThe authors thank Ronald Mitchelson, A Stewart Fotheringham, Daniel Seth, and two anonymous
Dramatic changes in socioeconomic activities and social relations within the South have been accompanied by equally dramatic changes in southern spatial interaction. This paper describes changes to southern infrastructure and flows that have occurred since World War II. Movement industries dealing with people, goods, and information are examined. The volume, velocity, and spatial extent of movement have expanded greatly during the post World War II era. Urbanization, globalization, feminization, and deregulation manifest altered patterns of infrastructure and spatial interaction. Despite capacities to move huge quantities of southern people, goods, and information, the level of accessibility to local, regional, national, and global systems of interaction varies significantly and increasingly across the southern landscape. This spatial variation (in concert with the environmental impacts of our movement systems) provides sources of concern for the nature of future southern development.
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