Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from fermented cow milk (nono) sold inUnguwar Rimi, Kaduna markets were isolated on lactic bacteria specific medium (De Man Rogosa Sharpe MRS media). Isolated strains were identified and characterized using morphological, biochemical test and carbohydrate fermentation system (API-50 CHL). Six (6) pure colonies were distinctly obtained and identified as Lactobacillus strains. Out of the 6 isolated Lactobacilli, 5 were further identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis 2, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus 2 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. They were further screened for antimicrobial activity and antibiotic sensitivity. Lactobacillus acidophilus had higher resistance to all but one of the antibiotics used (Chloramphenicol 30 μg) with no zone of inhibition to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Gentamycin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Tetracycline. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli exhibited varying degree of inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that the presence of these microorganisms in fermented cow milk (nono) is of great benefits to humans and animals either as supplements or food production processes.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactic acid bacteria) on performance of broilers chickens. One hundred and twenty (120), one-day old broiler chicks of Abor Acre Plus strain were divided equally into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Chickens were housed in double open-sided pens measuring 1.0×1.2 m for 42 days. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. There were four dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were T1-1.45x10 9 CFU probiotic/kg basal feed, T2-1.09×10 9 CFU probiotic/kg basal feed, T3-7.25×10 8 CFU probiotic/kg basal feed and T4-No probiotics supplementation (control). Feed intake and weight gain were recorded weekly. Total body weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 (1621.44±53.91 g) when compared to T2, T3 and T4; 1407.67±10.23 g, 1258.87±21.49g and 1261.38±63.54 g respectively. Feed consumption was higher in T3 (4131.10±264.59g) but differences were not-significant (P>0.05). Serum cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T1 (3.29±0.26Mmol/dl) and highest in T4-control (4.34±0.24Mmol/dl). Consequently, dietary supplementation of probiotic in broiler chicken feed at 1.45x10 9 CFU/kg for 42 days enhanced weight gain with better feed conversion ratio and reduced serum cholesterol.
This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and nature of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients who presented with urinary tract infection at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe. Isolates collected were recovered on MacConkey agar at 35˚C and were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, and further screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance by disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins were confirmed as ESBL producers using Double Disks Synergy Test (DDST). The study shows 66% resistance to ceftriaxone (30 µg) in K. pneumoniae, which was the highest value recorded and a 51% resistance to cefpodoxime (10 µg) in E. coli. The sensitivity of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to cefpodoxime (10 µg) were 49% and 33.9% respectively. ESBLs were detected among 40% (40/100) of E. coli and 54.13% (59/109) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Molecular characterization of ESBL encoding genes among E. coli isolates using multiplex-PCR showed 10% prevalence of SHV gene and 5% prevalence for CTX-M gene while TEM gene was not detected. In K. pneumoniae isolates, 5% prevalence was recorded for each of the three genes screened. The study revealed a co-occurrence of SHV and CTX-M in 75% of the E. coli and 70% of the K. pneumoniae isolates; the occurrence of all the three genes was seen in 10% and 5% of K.
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