The use of therapeutic ultrasound as an element of physiotherapy practice is well established, but the nature of that practice has changed significantly over the last 20 years. This paper aims to review the rationale and range of applications for which this modality is employed in current practice. Whereas in the past, its primary use was as a thermal modality, it is argued that currently, it is the 'non-thermal' aspects of the intervention that are most commonly employed. The predominant use of therapeutic ultrasound is in relation to tissue repair and soft tissue lesion management, where the evidence would support its application in the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases. The clinical outcomes appear to be dose dependent, and whilst this paper does not detail dose related clinical decision making, the broad issues are considered. The future possibilities for the use of the modality are reviewed, and although outside the immediate remit of this paper, the use of therapeutic ultrasound in fracture management is briefly considered.

Owing to the improvements in the management of haemophilia, children with severe haemophilia in the United Kingdom have very different experiences of their condition compared with many adults' early experiences of haemophilia. However, haemophilia can still have physical and social effects which can impact on the quality of life, not only for a child who has the condition, but also for their parents. The purpose of this study was to undertake a qualitative exploration of the impact of haemophilia on parents. The participants included 12 parents of children with severe haemophilia who took part in interviews or focus groups. Four major themes emerged from the data which were initial experiences, managing the condition, engaging with others and developing mastery. The findings highlighted the importance of evaluating parents' experiences. Parents are deeply affected by their child's condition and their lives are transformed by the experiences of living with a child with haemophilia. Parents' responses are influenced by how well the child manages the disorder and the difficulties they experience. Further studies are required in order to develop a more complete understanding of the impact of haemophilia on parent's lives.

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This study confirms that radiofrequency-based therapy at 448 kHz can significantly increase and sustain skin temperature. The study also provides useful baseline data for further research in the low frequency ranges of radiofrequency-based therapy that remain largely unexplored.

Cricket is a global sport played in over 100 countries with elite performers attracting multimillion dollar contracts. Therefore, performers maintaining optimum physical fitness and remaining injury free is important. Fast bowlers have a vital position in a cricket team, and there is an increasing body of scientific literature that has reviewed this role over the past decade. Previous research on fast bowlers has tended to focus on biomechanical analysis and injury prevention in performers. However, this review aims to critically analyze the emerging contribution of physiological-based literature linked to fast bowling in cricket, highlight the current evidence related to simulated and competitive in-match performance, and relate this practically to the conditioning coach. Furthermore, the review considers limitations with past research and possible avenues for future investigation. It is clear with the advent of new applied mobile monitoring technology that there is scope for more ecologically valid and longitudinal exploration capturing in-match data, providing quantification of physiological workloads, and analysis of the physical demands across the differing formats of the game. Currently, strength and conditioning specialists do not have a critical academic resource with which to shape professional practice, and this review aims to provide a starting point for evidence in the specific area.

The sonographic scoring system used in this study may be used reliably to quantify tendon abnormalities and change over time. A relatively inexperienced imager can conduct the assessment and use the rating scales reliably.

Background: Microcurrent therapy (MCT) uses electric currents similar to those produced by the body during tissue healing. It may be a particularly beneficial where endogenous healing has failed. Aim: To review evidence regarding microcurrent in tissue healing and the application of MCT. Methods: All peer-reviewed studies concerning microcurrent and MCT were sought, and representative literature was synthesised to indicate the scope and weight of current evidence.Results: Microcurrent appears to play a significant role in the healing process, and MCT can promote healing in a variety of bone and skin lesions. The evidence for other tissues is encouraging but presently scant. Conclusion: MCT may have unrealised potential in the treatment of dysfunctional tissue healing and deserves greater attention by researchers and clinicians.

Introduction: The Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation enables quantitative rating by the patient of