The German version of the EPDS with ten questions is an "application friendly" as well as proven to be a valid and reliable method for supporting the diagnosis of postpartum depressive disorder. It is suitable for both clinical and research use.

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Background First‐time mothers commonly experience stress and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. Maternal self‐efficacy has been shown to be an important protective factor against these experiences; however, research on the dynamic nature of stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal self‐efficacy is limited. The aim of this study was to document changes in these psychological factors among first‐time mothers, and determine how early maternal self‐efficacy perceptions may predict change in stress and depressive symptoms over the first 6 months postpartum. Methods Sixty first‐time Australian mothers were recruited during their third trimester of pregnancy. Participants completed a baseline survey during the third trimester of pregnancy (M = 32.87 weeks, SD = 2.62 weeks), and subsequently reported stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal self‐efficacy every 3 weeks postpartum for 6 months. Latent growth curve modelling was used to estimate participants’ change over time for stress and depressive symptoms. Results First‐time mothers’ stress and depressive symptoms peaked, and maternal self‐efficacy was weakest, at 3 weeks postpartum. Maternal self‐efficacy at 3 weeks postpartum was a significant (negative) predictor of 3‐week levels of, and also (positively) predicted later reductions in, stress. Conclusion Future interventions aimed at bolstering early maternal self‐efficacy may protect against postpartum stress for first‐time mothers.

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The smart electricity grids have been evolving to a more complex cyber-physical ecosystem of infrastructures with integrated communication networks, new carbon-free sources of power generation, advanced monitoring and control systems, and a myriad of emerging modern physical hardware technologies. With the unprecedented complexity and heterogeneity in dynamic smart grid networks comes additional vulnerability to emerging threats such as cyber attacks. Rapid development and deployment of advanced network monitoring and communication systems on one hand, and the growing interdependence of the electric power grids to a multitude of lifeline critical infrastructures on the other, calls for holistic defense strategies to safeguard the power grids against cyber adversaries. In order to improve the resilience of the power grid against adversarial attacks and cyber intrusions, advancements should be sought on detection techniques, protection plans, and mitigation practices in all electricity generation, transmission, and distribution sectors. This survey discusses such major directions and recent advancements from a lens of different detection techniques, equipment protection plans, and mitigation strategies to enhance the energy delivery infrastructure resilience and operational endurance against cyber attacks. This undertaking is essential since even modest improvements in resilience of the power grid against cyber threats could lead to sizeable monetary savings and an enriched overall social welfare. INDEX TERMS Cyber physical systems (CPS), cyber attack, intrusion detection system (IDS), false data injection attack (FDIA), energy management system (EMS), power grid resilience.

ncreased morbidity and mortality trends in patients with severe mental illness (SMI), coupled with suboptimal access to health provision, 1 highlights the need for comprehensive yet individualised care. Pregnant women with SMI and their babies appear to be a particularly vulnerable group, due to increased risks for obstetric and neonatal complications. 2-4 In a Western Australian population study, 3 women with schizophrenia and major affective disorders were more likely to experience placental abnormalities and fetal distress. Women with schizophrenia were also more likely to have newborns in the lowest weight/growth decile and have a neonatal narcotic antagonist administered. Pregnant women with bipolar disorder have been found to be at increased risk of preterm and low-birthweight infants. 5,6 Mothers with SMI present with poor maternal condition, 7 which is reflected by late presentation to obstetric services and fewer appointments, 8,9 poor nutrition, more likelihood of smoking, illicit substance use, and less support. 10,11 Additional concerns include antipsychotic exposure during pregnancy, which has been associated with fetal malformation; 12 infant growth disruption; increased or decreased birthweight; 12,13 and neonatal adjustment difficulties. 14 Pregnant women with SMI should be designated as a health disparity population, 15 and every effort should be made to improve their access to obstetric care. Within this context, the Childbirth and Mental Illness Antenatal Clinic (CAMI clinic) at King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH) was established in 2007. The weekly antenatal clinic comprises a multidisciplinary team of designated obstetrics, midwifery, psychiatry, mental health nursing and social work staff who provide care for pregnant women, in liaison with their treating psychiatrists. This approach has the potential to increase attendance at antenatal care for pregnant women with SMI. 16 We report on the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with SMI who attended the CAMI clinic between 2007 and 2011. Method A retrospective file audit was made of all pregnant women with SMI who attended the CAMI clinic and gave birth between December 2007 and April 2011. Psychiatric diagnoses were grouped into schizophrenia and related disorders, bipolar disorders, and non-psychotic disorders with significant functional impairment. Diagnoses were made by community mental health services, private psychiatrists or a consultant psychiatrist at KEMH using ICD-10 criteria. 17 Data audited from case notes were based on the Western Australian Midwives' Notification System. The purpose-designed database also included psychiatric diagnoses, detailed demographic information, attendance at the CAMI clinic (including the number of antenatal appointments), psychotropic medication use, and psychosocial outcomes, including psychiatric admissions and statutory welfare agency involvement. The KEMH Ethics Committee approved the study. Statistical analysis CAMI clinic data (summary data from all women combined) were compared wit...

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