Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials for diabetic neurogenic bladder. Methods. From January 2021 to December 2021, 104 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the hospital were recruited, with 57 allocated to the case group and 47 to the control group. Outcome measures included bulbocavernosus muscle response, pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials, and bladder residual urine volume. The connection of bulbocavernosus muscle response and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials with bladder residual urine volume was investigated using the Pearson analysis. Results. In both males and females, the latency of the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle reflexes in the case group was longer than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ), and the wave amplitude of the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle reflexes was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The diabetic neurogenic bladder was associated with a significantly longer latency and a smaller wave amplitude of pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials versus without neurogenic bladder ( P < 0.05 ). Patients with a diabetic neurogenic bladder had more residual bladder urine volume versus those without ( P < 0.05 ). Bladder residual urine volume was significantly positively correlated with bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potential latency and negatively correlated with wave amplitude ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials demonstrate great potential as adjuncts to diagnose diabetic neurogenic bladder and correlate with ultrasound results in determining bladder function in patients.

Background Overweight/obesity can affect fertility, increase the risk of pregnancy complications, and affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, due to confounding factors, the accuracy and uniformity of published findings on IVF outcomes have been disputed. This study aimed to assess the effects of both male and female body mass index (BMI), individually and in combination, on IVF outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 11,191 couples undergoing IVF. Per the Chinese BMI standard, the couples were divided into four groups: normal; female overweight/obesity; male overweight/obesity; and combined male and female overweight/obesity. The IVF outcomes of the four groups were compared and analysed. Results Regarding the 6569 first fresh IVF-ET cycles, compared with the normal weight group, the female overweight/obesity and combined male/female overweight/obesity groups had much lower numbers of available embryos and high-quality embryos (p < 0.05); additionally, the fertilization (p < 0.001) and normal fertilization rates (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the female overweight/obesity group. The combined male/female overweight/obesity group had significant reductions in the available embryo (p = 0.002), high-quality embryo (p = 0.010), fertilization (p = 0.001) and normal fertilization rates (p < 0.001); however, neither male or female overweight/obesity nor their combination significantly affected the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR) or abortion rate (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings support the notion that overweight/obesity does not influence pregnancy success; however, we found that overweight/obesity affects the fertilization rate and embryo number and that there are sex differences.

5005 Background: Both TITAN and ARCHES studies have demonstrated significant clinical benefits of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) plus ADT versus placebo plus ADT in the treatment of mHSPC. However, first-generation ARIs plus ADT is also widely used in clinic and how superior second-generation ARIs is to first-generation ones remains to be determined. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of SHR3680, a novel oral ARI, versus bicalutamide (Bica) in high-volume mHSPC. Methods: CHART is a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study (NCT03520478). Patients (pts) with mHSPC were randomized 1:1 to ADT plus either SHR3680 (240 mg/d) or Bica (50 mg/d). All pts had high-volume disease adapted from the CHAARTED study. The primary endpoints were radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) and overall survival (OS). As of May 16, 2021, 209 rPFS events per IRC and 153 deaths occurred and a preplanned interim analysis for rPFS was done. Results: 654 pts were randomized to receive SHR3680 (n = 326) or Bica (n = 328). At data cutoff, the median follow-up duration was 22.1 mo in SHR3680 group and 20.4 mo in Bica group. SHR3680 significantly reduced the risk of radiographic progression or death than Bica (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.58; p < 0.0001; median, not reached vs 25.1 mo). OS data were immature but an improved OS was observed in SHR3680 group compared to Bica group (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.80; p = 0.0009). All secondary efficacy endpoints favored SHR3680 plus ADT (Table). Frequencies of adverse events of any cause in any grade were similar between groups. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 19.2% and 13.9% of pts in SHR3680 and Bica groups, respectively. No seizure occurred in SHR3680 group. Conclusions: SHR3680 plus ADT significantly improved rPFS versus Bica plus ADT in pts with high-volume mHSPC, with a desirable safety profile. New drug application has been submitted to seek approval based on the data presented here. Clinical trial information: NCT03520478. [Table: see text]

Urethral stricture, which afflicts both patients and urologists, involves excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the submucosal and periurethral tissues. Although various anti-fibrotic drugs have been applied to urethral stricture by irrigation or submucosal injection, their clinical feasibility and effectiveness are limited. To prevent stricture after endoscopic therapy, urethroplasty, and traumatic catheterization, we designed a protein-based nanofilm-controlled drug delivery system and assembled it on the catheter to target inordinate extracellular matrix deposition. This approach is simple to manufacture and simultaneously integrates excellent anti-biofilm property into a urinary catheter in one step. Stable and controlled drug delivery over tens of days ensures optimal efficacy and negligible side effects. Anti-fibrotic catheters maintain extracellular matrix homeostasis by reducing fibroblast-derived collagen production and enhancing metalloproteinase 1-induced collagen degradation in a rabbit model of urethral injury, resulting in the greatest improvement in lumen stenosis than other topical therapies for urethral stricture prevention. Such biocompatible coating with antibacterial contamination and sustained-drug-release functionality could also be an advanced paradigm for a range of biomedical applications.