Internet of things (IoT) becomes a prominent technology in our world. It is enabling the connection between the objects (the "things") and the backend systems via the Internet. Everyday objects can become connected and smart. It has been adopted in different areas and applications such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart healthcare, smart manufacturing, and others. Moreover, IoT platforms are currently growing up into the market. Each platform provides valuable and specific services and features. This paper presents a survey on IoT platforms, discussing their architectures and fundamentals of IoT building elements and communication protocols between them. The aim of this paper is to help the reader choose a suitable and adequate IoT platform for own demands in the huge number and variety of platforms available. This survey provides a comprehensive view of the components and features of the state-of-the-art IoT platforms.

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Providing resilient inter-domain connections in multi-domain optical GMPLS networks is a challenge. On the one hand, the integration of different GMPLS domains to run traffic engineering operations requires the development of a framework for inter-domain routing and control of connections, while keeping the internal structure and available resources of the domains undisclosed to the other operators. On the other hand, the definition of mechanisms to take advantage of such automatically switched inter-domain connectivity is still an open issue. This article focuses on the analysis of applicability of one of these mechanisms: p-cycle-based protection. The proposed solution is based on the decomposition of the multi-domain resilience problem into two sub-problems, namely, the higher level interdomain protection and the lower level intra-domain protection. Building a p-cycle at the higher level is accomplished by certain tasks at the lower level, including straddling link connection, capacity allocation and path selection. In this article, we present several methods to realize inter-domain p-cycle protection at both levels and we evaluate their performance in terms of availability and spent resources. A discussion on a proposal of implementation of signalling based on extensions of existing protocols such as RSVP-TE and the PCE architecture illustrates the practical viability of the approach.

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In recent years, significant work has been completed on traffic engineering enhancements to the generalized multiprotocol label switching protocol suite [1][2][3]. As a next step, reproducing the current trend of switching layers' integration happening in the data plane, network control is foreseen to go beyond the traditional per layer approach and tend toward an integrated model [4,5]. In these multilayer environments, a single GMPLS control plane drives various distinct switching layers at the same time and as a coherent whole, taking benefit from the "common" property of GMPLS. Beyond this application of supporting network control across different technologies, in this article we catalog the unified traffic engineering paradigms, discuss their applicability, and present their enforcement techniques. Furthermore, we show that the common GMPLS concept has the advantage of low operational complexity, and enables unified TE capabilities such as efficient network resource usage and rapid service provisioning.

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