Internet of things (IoT) becomes a prominent technology in our world. It is enabling the connection between the objects (the "things") and the backend systems via the Internet. Everyday objects can become connected and smart. It has been adopted in different areas and applications such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart healthcare, smart manufacturing, and others. Moreover, IoT platforms are currently growing up into the market. Each platform provides valuable and specific services and features. This paper presents a survey on IoT platforms, discussing their architectures and fundamentals of IoT building elements and communication protocols between them. The aim of this paper is to help the reader choose a suitable and adequate IoT platform for own demands in the huge number and variety of platforms available. This survey provides a comprehensive view of the components and features of the state-of-the-art IoT platforms.

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In the past few years, automotive Internet of Things (IoT) solutions have become one of the most significant IoT application areas in the shape of vehicular communication to connect vehicles and such the so-called Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to be used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) environments. With an increasing level of cooperation, ITS could facilitate smart city operations by providing cooperative intelligent traffic solutions. Modern Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) solutions have started to be implemented in the whole world with various deployment models and significant improvements in the integration of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and IoT solutions. To highlight the current V2X technology evolution towards an IoT/IoV era, this paper presents a comprehensive survey about the convergence between IoT and V2X use-cases together with their supporting technologies in the cooperative ITS ecosystem worldwide. We show how IoT could enable advanced V2X applications to get widespread and increase ITS efficiency.

The proliferation of fifth-generation (5G) networks has opened up new opportunities for the deployment of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) systems. However, the large-scale implementation of 5G-based C-V2X poses critical challenges requiring thorough investigation and resolution for successful deployment. This paper aims to identify and analyze the key challenges associated with the large-scale deployment of 5G-based C-V2X systems. In addition, we address obstacles and possible contradictions in the C-V2X standards caused by the special requirements. Moreover, we have introduced some quite influential C-V2X projects, which have influenced the widespread adoption of C-V2X technology in recent years. As the primary goal, this survey aims to provide valuable insights and summarize the current state of the field for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the advancement of C-V2X. Furthermore, this paper presents relevant standardization aspects and visions for advanced 5G and 6G approaches to address some of the upcoming issues in mid-term timelines.