Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by long-term survival fungus Ganoderma boninense is the most important of oil palm disease that difficult to be controlled. Perennial herbaceous species are potentially developed for long-term BSR control and applied as mixed planting with oil palm. This research was aimed to study the competition effects of mixed planting with edible herbaceous perennial plants (edible canna (Canna indica), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and water yam (Dioscorea alata) on growth of oil palm seedlings. Two competition trials (non-inoculated and Ganoderma-inoculated trial) were conducted. The herbaceous plants were grown together with oil palm seedling in a polybag filled with 40 L field soil. Mixed planting of Ganoderma-inoculated oil palm and herbaceous plants and grown on a large soil volume resulted in a minor infection with a high variation in severity leading to insignificant effect of herbaceous competition on Ganoderma infection. Herbaceous competition significantly suppressed oil palm seedling growth under both inoculated with Ganoderma and without inoculation. Arrowroot exhibited as the most competitive herbaceous species and followed by canna and cocoyam. Water yam showed a weak competitive against oil palm seedling since only a minor interference in all observed growth characteristics.
Allelopathic potential of root exudates from edible perennial herbaceous (Canna indica, Maranta arundinacea, and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) against mycelium of Ganoderma boninense, basal stem rot pathogen of oil palm has been studied in vitro. Root exudates were extracted from 10-day old aseptically growing plants generated from surface-sterilized corm or rhizome on water agar. Allelopathic activity was tested based on inhibition of G. boninense mycelial growth on malt extract agar supplemented with 0.1 and 1.0 μL mL−1 ethyl acetate extract of root exudates. Root exudate from X. sagittifolium and C. indica was found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of G. boninense at 0.1 and 1.0 μL mL−1, respectively.
The purpose of the study was to study response of Ganoderma sp. that were given exudate treatment of plant roots. Ganoderma sp. is a pathogen that causes stem rot at base of oil palm. In addition to oil palm this fungus can attack hard and woody crops such as coconut, rubber, tea, cocoa etc. Isolate used is Ganoderma sp. Bio-10197 code obtained from Phytopathology laboratory SEAMEO BIOTROP Bogor. Mycelium Ganoderma sp. reproduced in malt agar media until mycelium grows over agar surface. Ganoderma mycelium was inoculated on 1x1x5 cm rubber wood pieces for 14 days until the mycelium grew over rubber sticks. The exudate used from ganyong (Canna edulis Kerr), garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.), Galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.) and lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata). The design used in this study was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 7 treatments consisting of 5 repeatations. The results of this study indicate that the mycelium experienced inhibition of growth, especially in the treatment of root exudate galangal shown by 60,81% percentage and tongue-in-law with a percentage of 59,58% colonization. On observation of growth characteristics of mycelium Ganoderma sp. visible zone delimited in the form of a brown mycelium pile suspected as an indication of mycelium rejection of bioactive compounds contained exudate.
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