This paper proposed an image algorithm based on a cascaded chaotic system to improve the performance of the encryption algorithm. Firstly, this paper proposed an improved cascaded two-dimensional map 2D-Cosine-Logistic-Sine map (2D-CLSM). Cascade chaotic system offers good advantages in terms of key space, complexity and sensitivity to initial conditions. By using the control parameters and initial values associated with the plaintext, the system generates two chaotic sequences associated with the plaintext image. Then, an S-box construction method is proposed, and an encryption method is designed based on the S-box. Encryption is divided into bit-level encryption and pixel-level encryption, and a diffusion method was devised to improve security and efficiency in bit-level encryption. Performance analysis shows that the encryption algorithm has good security and is easily resistant to various attacks.
To determine whether osmotic pressure affects the translation efficiency of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the ribosome profiling assay was performed to analyze the changes in translation efficiency in L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103. Under osmotic stress, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, ribosome, and purine metabolism pathways were co-regulated with consistent expression direction at translation and transcription levels. DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, and the phosphotransferase system pathways also were co-regulated at translation and transcription levels, while they showed opposite expression direction at two levels. Moreover, DEGs involved in the two-component system, amino acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism pathways were only regulated at the transcription level. And DEGs involved in fructose and mannose metabolism were only regulated at the translation level. The translation efficiency of DEGs involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids was downregulated while in quorum sensing and PTS pathways was upregulated. In addition, the ribosome footprints accumulated in open reading frame regions resulted in impaired translation initiation and elongation under osmotic stress. In summary, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 could respond to osmotic stress by translation regulation and control the balance between survival and growth of cells by transcription and translation.
The 2D‐Cascade‐Transeform‐Logistic‐Sine Map (2D‐CTLSM) with good randomness and large parameter chaos range is obtained by improving the Logistic and Sine map in a cascade manner. By combining the chaotic map with DNA coding, an efficient encryption algorithm based on a chaotic map with chunking dislocation and alternate row diffusion is designed. The shortcomings of zigzag itself are overcome by performing different zigzag transformations in chunks while combining DNA encoding to accomplish the diffusion operation. Due to the excellent properties of DNA encoding, the diffusion operation is performed by the DNA computation method with alternate row diffusion so that each value can complete the diffusion operation twice. The simulation experimental results and security analysis show that the algorithm can effectively resist various typical attacks, such as the information entropy is close to the expected value of 8, the correlation coefficient is close to 0, and the NPCR and UACI values can meet the critical value range, and so on. This is a safe and reliable image encryption algorithm.
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