Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with intestinal carcinogenesis, but the oral microbiota of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who live in high-risk regions in China has not been fully characterized. In the current study, oral microbial diversity was investigated in 33 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 35 healthy controls in Chongqing, China, by sequencing 16S rRNA of V3-V4 gene regions. There were statistically significant differences in oral microbiota between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and controls as determined via unweighted pair-group analysis with arithmetic means. At the phylum level, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, there were comparatively greater amounts of Firmicutes (34.0% vs. 31.1%) and Bacteroidetes (25.3% vs. 24.9%) and lower amounts of Proteobacteria (17.0% vs. 20.1%). At the genus level, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients exhibited comparatively greater amounts of Streptococcus (17.3% vs. 14.5%) and Prevotella_7 (8.6% vs. 8.5%) and lower amounts of Neisseria (8.1% vs. 10.7%). Using a linear discriminant analysis effect size method, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. 10 genera were higher abundances identified in the healthy control group, and different 10 genera were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. In the present study, there were significant differences in oral microbial compositions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to further characterize relationships between oral microbiota and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A multi-quantum barrier structure is employed as the electron blocking layer of light-emitting diodes to enhance their performance. Using the non-isothermal multi-physics-field coupling model, the internal quantum efficiency, internal heat source characteristics, spectrum characteristics, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of light-emitting diodes are analyzed systematically. The simulation results show that: introducing multi-quantum barrier electron blocking layer structure significantly increases the internal quantum efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency of light-emitting diodes and the intensity of spectrum, and strongly ensures the thermal and light output stability of light-emitting diodes. These results are attributed to the modified energy band diagrams of the electron blocking layer which are responsible for the decreased electron leakage and enhanced carrier concentration in the active region.light-emitting diodes, internal quantum efficiency, multi-quantum barrier, spectrum intensity, electron leakage Citation:Wang T H, Xu J L, Wang X D. The effect of multi-quantum barrier structure on light-emitting diodes performance by a non-isothermal model.
Objective. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has been demonstrated to be a potential chemoprevention agent for several cancers. Herein, we investigated the pharmacological function of Sal B on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. Methods. Two NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H2030 and NCI-H1650) were disposed of by 200 μM Sal B or 10 μM PKM2 agonist TEPP-46. Wound healing and transwell experiments were implemented for analyzing migratory and invasive capacities. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers β-catenin and E-cadherin were measured via western blotting. Cellular bioenergetics were evaluated with glucose uptake, lactate production, enolase activity, cellular ATP levels, as well as seahorse-based oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) analysis. Metabolic reprogramming markers PKM2, LDHA, and GLUT1 were detected via western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results. The results showed that Sal B disposal weakened the migration and invasion of NCI-H2030 and NCI-H1650 cells and inactivated the EMT process according to downregulation of β-catenin and upregulation of E-cadherin. Sal B-treated NSCLC cells displayed decreased glucose uptake, lactate production, enolase activity, cellular ATP levels, OCR, and ECAR, indicating a reduction in metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, Sal B downregulated the expression of PKM2, LDHA, and GLUT1. TEPP-46 may reverse the inhibitory effect of Sal B on metastasis as well as metabolic reprogramming. Conclusion. Our findings provide evidence that Sal B enables to weaken NSCLC metastasis through PKM2-independent metabolic reprogramming, which sheds light on the promising therapeutic usage of Sal B in treating NSCLC.
Background. A large amount of publications had reported the association between incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the past decade. However, those papers’ results are inconsistent on relationships between T2DM the incidence of EC. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between T2DM and the risk of EC (including 2 histological types, esophageal adenocarcinoma [EADC] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC]). Method. We finally extracted 19 articles though Pubmed, Embased, and Cochrane library. Those identify extraction date including 14,312 cases and 24,959,067 control records and then mixed the relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) through STATA. Results. We observed that there are significantly positive correlation between T2DM and EC risk ( R R = 1.28 , 95% CI: 1.05-1.57, P = 0.015 ).Also, our study showed positive correlation between T2DM and EADC (esophageal adenocarcinoma) risk ( R R = 1.28 , 95% CI: 1.05-1.57, P < 0.001 ). What’s more, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity represented the Caucasian is more susceptible to EC ( R R = 1.28 ,95% CI: 1.10-1.49, P = 0.001 ). Conclusion. Those results offer a recent epidemiological and integrated evidence to ascertain the correlations between T2DM and incidence of EC. Those results take public health implications on preventing T2DM and then depress the occurrence of EC. Our study also provides referenced information for the prevention. However, some data is still insufficient, and more research should be carried out.
Background Our goal was to discuss the treatment for rupture of contralateral mainstem bronchus during uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (uniportal VATS) lobectomy. Case presentation We analyzed clinical data of 3 cases of rupture of contralateral mainstem bronchus during uniportal VATS. Surgical repair was performed immediately under an uniportal VATS during operation, as a result, 3 cases of bronchial rupture all were repaired successfully, and we continued to complete lobectomy and systemic lymph node dissection. Reexamination was performed after 1 week, and no fistula was found in trachea and bronchi through a fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The time range for indwelling the chest tube is 6–9 days, and the hospital stay is 8–10 days. No abnormality was observed on chest radiography when the 3 patients returned to the hospital 1 month after the operation for the second reexamination. Conclusions Instant surgical repair is recommended to the treatment of bronchial rupture in thoracic surgery. It is safe and feasible to repair bronchial tear with uniportal VATS.
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