This study analyzes an office building located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang region, with a high assembly rate of 96.8%. Based on whole-process records and first-hand factory data, using an original method, we empirically investigate the carbon emissions associated to the assembly production and construction phase by comparing the results collected in the field with the calculation results for the simulated non-prefabricated building. The calculation results show that the production and construction stage of the prefabricated office building is characterized by a large reduction in carbon emissions, where the total measured carbon emissions of the subject building were 2265.73 tCO2e, which is 22 kgCO2e/m2 less than that under the non-prefabricated method. In the future development of China’s construction industry, taking Zhejiang Province as an example, the implementation of prefabricated office buildings with a PEC structure system can effectively reduce carbon emissions, which can help China to achieve the carbon peak as soon as possible.
Producing stable nitrite is a necessity for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) but remains a huge challenge. Here, we describe the design and operation of a hydrogenotrophic denitratation system that stably reduced >90% nitrate to nitrite under self-alkaline conditions of pH up to 10.80. Manually lowering the pH to a range of 9.00–10.00 dramatically decreased the nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio to <20%, showing a significant role of high pH in denitratation. Metagenomics combined with metatranscriptomics indicated that six microorganisms, including a Thauera member, dominated the community and encoded the various genes responsible for hydrogen oxidation and the complete denitrification process. During denitratation at high pH, transcription of periplasmic genes napA, nirS, and nirK, whose products perform nitrate and nitrite reduction, decreased sharply compared to that under neutral conditions, while narG, encoding a membrane-associated nitrate reductase, remained transcriptionally active, as were genes involved in intracellular proton homeostasis. Together with no reduction in only nitrite-amended samples, these results disproved the electron competition between reductions of nitrate and nitrite but highlighted a lack of protons outside cells constraining biological nitrite reduction. Overall, our study presents a stably efficient strategy for nitrite production and provides a major advance in the understanding of denitratation.
After the severe industrial pollution from World War II, the Setouchi Sea areas and its islands (the Triennale hosting areas) experienced severe economic and population shrinkage. The target of SDG 8.9 is to promote “direct tourism GDP” and “tourism-related jobs” by devising and implementing policies (e.g., some Triennale and Biennale) for sustainable tourism. Triennale-driven tourism is an essential component of sustainable tourism and city revitalization, lasting almost 20 years in Japan. The current paper attempts an empirical analysis into the positive impacts of exhibition-driven sustainable tourism for SDG 8.9 in these rural islands (from pollution to green and low-carbon islands revitalization). The panel data of “pollution load of living environment items” by cities in Japan and “tourists, income, and population” from 14 areas in Kagawa were monitored using multiple methods, such as descriptive and inferential statistics (the one-way ANOVA test and Simple Linear Regression (SLR)). It is a new attempt to devise and implement policies and theories for a sustainable tourism-related industry and its SDGs. Therefore, the present findings offer meaningful implications in academia and industry, not only in Setouchi Sea areas but also for similar areas in and out of Japan.
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