The title compound, (C9H8N)[CoCl3(C9H7N)], consists of CoII complex anions and quinolinium cations. The CoII complex anions assume tetrahedral coordination geometry and are hydrogen bonded to the quinolinium cations to form centrosymmetric supramolecular dimer. π–π stacking occurs between the quinoline and quinolinium rings.

The orientation behavior of well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within high-speed melt-spun semicrystalline polymer fibers has for the first time been studied using three-dimensional reconstructions from bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography. The local investigation technique allows separating contributions stemming from additionally present CNT aggregates. Over a relatively narrow draw ratio range applied during the fiber production process, a transition region is found, in which the CNTs change their orientation from being aligned perpendicular to being aligned parallel to the fiber axis. Complementary performed wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements and mechanical analysis of the polymer/CNT nanocomposite fibers reveal a strong correlation between the CNT orientation and the structural and mechanical properties of the fibers. Characteristic quantities such as crystallinity, crystal size, and correlation length parameters of crystalline and amorphous polymer chains undergo significant changes within the CNT orientation transition region indicative of a cooperative process.

In the title compound, C7H7N2+·C8H4NO6−, the partially overlapped arrangement and the shorter face‐to‐face distance of 3.457 (4) Å indicate π–π stacking between parallel benzimidazolium cations, whereas the longer face‐to‐face distance of 3.649 (6) Å suggests normal van der Waals contacts between parallel benzene rings of neighbouring nitro­terephthalate anions.

In the title compound, [MnCl2(C12H8N2)2], the MnII complex displays a distorted octahedral coordination geometry formed by two phenanthroline ligands and two Cl− anions. The crystal structure is different from that reported previously for the same compound [McCann, McCann, Casey, Jackman, Devereux & McKee (1998). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 279, 24–29].

In the title compound, [Cd(C7H5O3)2(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the CdII ion is located on a twofold axis and assumes a distorted octahedral CdN4O2 coordination geometry, formed by two phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two 4-hydroxybenzoate (HBA) anions. π–π stacking is observed between the parallel phen ligands of adjacent CdII complexes. One water O atom is located on a twofold axis. The other water molecule is disordered over two sites.

Dendrobium nobile, an epiphytic plant, is a traditional medicinal herb with abundant endophytes. It is unclear whether the variation in the diversity and abundance of endophytes could stimulate the biosynthesis of medicinal compounds in the plant. In this study, we collected fresh stems of D. nobile from four habitats for investigating the fungal community structure, dendrobine content, and environment factors and their correlations. The results indicated no significant difference in endophytic fungal diversity among the habitats; however, different dominant or special endophytic genera were observed in the hosts from different habitats. The altitude was observed to be positively related to the dendrobine content, as the stems collected from the altitude of 692 m exhibited the highest level of dendrobine. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Toxicocladosporium was found to be positively correlated with the altitude and dendrobine content. The epiphytic matrix exhibited a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of the endophytic fungus Gibberella but did not exhibit any significant correlation with the dendrobine content. The results indicated that the abundance of endophytes in D. nobile was affected by the altitude and epiphytic matrix and that high Toxicocladosporium abundance and high altitude were conducive to dendrobine production.

Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 295 K Mean (C-C) = 0.005 Å Disorder in main residue R factor = 0.036 wR factor = 0.107 Data-to-parameter ratio = 18.0 For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see

Background: Current available treatment modes against dermatophytoses are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. As an emerging and promising approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) attracts much attention in the treatment of superficial or localised infections. Objectives: This work investigated the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on microconidia of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro. Methods: The photodynamic killing efficacy of HMME on microconidia of two T rubrum strains was assessed by MTT assay. The effects of HMME-mediated aPDT on the growth of T rubrum and cellular structure of microconidia were also investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were employed to study the intracellular localisation of HMME and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results: HMME showed no obvious toxicity in the dark, but after light irradiation it inactivated the T rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the growth of T rubrum. CLSM demonstrated that HMME initially bound to the cell envelop and entered into the cell after light irradiation. HMME-mediated aPDT also damaged the cell cytoplasm and increased the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in cell death. Conclusions: The results suggested that HMME-mediated aPDT had potential to be used in the treatment of superficial infections caused by T rubrum.