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The study reported here evaluated genotype × environment interaction in individual performance and progeny tests in beef cattle. Genetic parameters for final weight (FW), ADG, and scrotal circumference (SC) of 33,013 Nellore young bulls tested on pasture or in feedlots were analyzed. The posterior means (and highest posterior density interval with 90% of samples [HPD90]) of heritability for traits measured on pasture-raised and feedlot-raised animals were 0.44 (HPD90 = 0.40 to 0.48) and 0.50 (HPD90 = 0.43 to 0.56) for FW, 0.26 (HPD90 = 0.23 to 0.29) and 0.26 (HPD90 = 0.20 to 0.32) for ADG, and 0.53 (HPD90 = 0.48 to 0.59) and 0.65 (HPD90 = 0.55 to 0.74) for SC, respectively. The posterior means (and HPD90) of genetic correlations for FW, ADG, and SC on pasture and in feedlots were 0.75 (HPD90 = 0.66 to 0.87), 0.49 (HPD90 = 0.31 to 0.66), and 0.89 (HPD90 = 0.83 to 0.97), respectively. When the selection intensity was kept the same for both the environments, the greatest direct responses for FW and ADG were exhibited by the animals reared and selected in feedlots. The correlated responses relative to production on pasture and based on selection in feedlots were similar to the direct responses, whereas the correlated responses for production in feedlots and based on selection on pasture were lower than the direct responses. When the selection intensity on pasture was higher than the selection intensity in feedlots, the responses to direct selection were similar for both the environments and correlated responses obtained in feedlots by selection on pasture were similar to the direct responses in feedlots. Analyses of few or poor indicators of genotype × environment interaction result in incorrect interpretations of its existence and implications. The present work demonstrated that traits with lower heritability are more susceptible to genotype × environment interaction and that selection intensity plays an important role in the study of genotype × environment interaction in beef cattle.

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Brazil has the second largest commercial beef cattle herd in the world, occupying a prominent position in the global beef market. Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) comprise more than 80% of the beef cattle in Brazil, and the vast majority of these animals are from Nellore breed, given their tolerance to tropical climate and high resistance to ectoparasites (Baldi et al., 2012). Despite their advantages for production in tropical environments, Zebu cattle tend to produce tougher meat than Bos taurus breeds (Reverter et al., 2003;Thrift & Thrift, 2002). Brazilian beef quality tends to be highly variable, due to a broad diversity of production environments and management systems, and to a large proportion of Zebu animals in