Background Approximately 70% of cancer‐related deaths occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In addition to social and racial inequalities, treatment options in these countries are usually limited because of the lack of trained staff and equipment, limited patient access to health services, and a small number of clinical guidelines. Objectives The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology developed this guideline to address these barriers and guide physicians treating patients with endometrial cancer (EC) in regions with limited resources and few specialized centers. Methods The guideline was prepared from 10 January to 25 October 20192019 by a multidisciplinary team of 56 experts to discuss the main obstacles faced by EC patients in Brazil. Thirteen questions considered critical to the surgical treatment of these patients were defined. The questions were assigned to groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments for presentations in meetings, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. Results For all questions including staging, fertility spearing treatment, genetic testing, sentinel lymph node use, surgical treatment, and other clinical relevant questions, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. Conclusions It is possible to provide adequate treatment for most EC patients in resource‐limited areas, but the first option should be referral to specialized centers with more resources.

The idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDMC) is a disease of the cardiac muscle characterized by systolic dilation and/or dysfunction of one or both ventricles, symptoms of congestive heart failure and risk of early death. Several studies in animal models and in humans have supported the hypothesis of the viral infection as initial event in the immunopathogenesis of the ventricular dilation. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of hepatitis C virus chronic infection and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, comparing samples of cases with IDCM with paired controls with Chagas-type specific dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic-type specific dilated cardiomyopathy. Only 2.9% (1/34) of IDCM patients were HCV carriers, which strongly argue against this hypothesis. Therefore, based on our results, there is no justification for investigating HCV in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis.

Recent studies have suggested that some patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) are also afflicted with insidious forms of viral myocarditis. Participation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in this process has been postulated. The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible association between hepatitis C virus and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Systematic review of the literature using electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASES, LILACS and COCHRANE) for the period from 1995 to 2005, limited to papers published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Sixty-two papers were found, of which six were in accordance with the proposed methodology. After selection, the articles were classified by quality of data and number of variables studied. Most of the patients were male adults from 31 and 75 years old, who had ischemic cardiopathy excluded as etiology of the dilated cardiomyopathy. A significant association between dilated cardiomyopathy and hepatitis C virus was found in only two papers, both from Japan and by the same author. Most of the papers received low classifications, as they did not fulfill the systematization criteria.

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