The goal of this work was to study the effect of some solvents as extractants of total polyphenols from cashew cakes and test the ability of the extract with highest level of polyphenols to inhibit alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase from snail (Achatina ventricosa) digestif tract. For this purpose, water, water-methanol (50:50 v/v), water-ethanol (50:50 v/v) and water-acetone (55:45 v/v) were used as solvents. Extract with highest level of polyphenols was obtained using water-acetone (55:45 v/v). The average total phenols content varied respectively from 9179.89 ± 0.154 mg GAE / 100 g for the water-acetone extract to 55439.02 ± 0.117 mg GAE/100 g for the aqueous extract. The average flavonoid content ranged from 370.86 ± 0.015 to 200.88 ± 0.001 mg/100 g and that of condensed tannins ranged from 1852.09 ± 0.023 to 857.45 ± 0.050 mg/100 g. The in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes of the snail digestive tract allowed to determine the concentration of the extract that inhibits 50% of the enzymes (IC50). The IC50 of alpha-amylase was 0.24 mg / ml and that of alpha glucosidase was 1.44 mg / ml.
The results showed that cashew apple residue is a natural source that has potential application in the management of diabetes mellitus.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three feeds formulated for three fish farming agroecological areas of Côte d'Ivoire on the growth and nutritional quality of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Feeds were formulated at 30% crude protein with locally-sourced raw materials available by area. The use of different ingredients at different levels for feeds formulation made variations in the nutritional compositions and costs of the three feeds produced. The average male weight of O. niloticus juveniles, 26.89 ± 2.98-27.35 ± 2.74 g, was stocked at a density of 3 fish/m 2 and was hand fed at 5%-3% body weight two times daily, 6 days per week during 120 days in the triplicate earthen ponds. At the end of the feeding trial, daily weight gain values varied between 1.12 ± 0.08 g/day and 1.21 ± 0.06 g/day and survival rate ranged between 99.44 ± 0.00 and 100%. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the growth performance and feed efficiency parameters of juveniles O. niloticus feeding. An increase in crude lipid and gross energy was observed in whole body compositions of O. niloticus feeding with the highest dietary lipid levels. Low-cost locally adapted feeds produced for O. niloticus juveniles growth were competitive and proffer the opportunity to improve availability of local quality feeds in the fish farming areas of Côte d'Ivoire.
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