Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores, and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been demonstrated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the secondary metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copperinducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copperinducible elicitor may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control.
Application of methanol (MeOH) inhibits photorespiration and enhances growth and yield in C3 plants. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of MeOH (30%, v/v) on glycolate oxidase (GO) activity and photorespiratory intermediates in cotton leaves in a field experiment. MeOH treatment significantly inhibited GO activity (by 30% compared with the controls). We also found that endogenous glyoxylate, a photorespiratory intermediate, increased and glycine decreased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. Serine increased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. These results thus demonstrated that exogenous MeOH can modulate GO activity and the production of photorespiratory intermediates, and sheds new lights on our current understanding of how exogenous MeOH inhibits photorespiration and enhances the growth and yield of C3 plants such as cotton.
Two new species of the genus Conophyma Zub. were reported from Southern Xinjiang. Conophyma mica sp. nov. is similar to C. zhaosuensis Huang, but differs from it in the following characters:1) rear angles of male supraanal plate obviously protruding, posterior margin of the supraanal plate acute‐triangularly projecting medially; 2) hind tibia redish brown. Conophyma ru fitibia sp. nov. is similar to C. alajense Msthsenko, but can be differentiated from it in the characters:1) furcula of the last tergite in male distinctly larger; 2) male cerci longer, obviously extending beyond the posterior median process of the supraanal plate; and 3) female ovipositor without a very distinct tooth on the outer ventral margin of the ventral valves. The new species, C. rufitibia, is also similar to C. almasyi (Kuthy), but different in the following points:1) male supraanal plate nearly quadrate with a blunt tubercle at the middle of lateral margins; 2) male abdomen with 2 light longitudinal bands dorsally.
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