The prevalence and resistance of Acinetobacter species are increasing in the community. Patients with resistant isolates are selectively discharged to nursing homes and long-term acute-care facilities, introducing resistance to new facilities.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the common manifestations seen in cancer patients on cytotoxic therapy and invasion into deeper tissues can occur if not treated promptly. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at evaluation of clinicomycological association and antifungal drug susceptibility among the 180 recruited patients with cancer on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with signs or symptoms suggestive of oral candidiasis. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility was done by Microbroth dilution method for fluconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B as per standard microbiological techniques. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Candida albicans was the predominant species isolated (94) (58%) followed by Candida tropicalis (34) (20.9%). Fluconazole and Itraconazole showed an overall resistance rate of 14% and 14.8%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin B. There was a significant association between the presence of dry mouth and isolation of Candida (p < 0.001). Such clinicomicrobiological associations can help in associating certain symptoms with the isolation of Candida. Species level identification with in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential to choose the appropriate drug and to predict the outcome of therapy.

Background and Objectives: The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in neonatal intensive care unit patients is increasing.

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The importance of hands in the transmission of hospital infections has been well demonstrated and hand hygiene reduces the prevalence of hospital acquired infections. The study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practices and satisfaction of the available facilities among Postgraduates and CRRIs and to identify the gaps in hand hygiene practices and to implement an Institutional program on hand hygiene policy. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The study was conducted between September 2018 and November 2018. A total of 275 participants (148 Postgraduates and 127 CRRIs) participated in the study. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel 2010 software. Pearson chi-square test was used to check for statistically significant differences. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Majority had moderate knowledge (90.9%) whereas postgraduates had better knowledge than CRRIs. The study population had moderate attitude (40.7%) and practices (44%). Postgraduates had good attitude and practices than the CRRIs. 73.5% suggested improvement of the available facilities. A need for hand hygiene training program and multifaceted interventional behavioral program particularly for the medical students to improve the compliance.

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