For the three timescales described a total of eight methodologies were tested (three for longterm, three for medium-term, and two for short-term), six of which were included in this report. These methodologies were linear and multivariable regression on the annual (long-term) and hourly (long-and medium-term) basis, load clustering (medium-term), and two auto regressive models for short-term analysis.Based on long-term analysis, depending on growth scenarios, Morocco can expect an annual peak demand in 2030 ranging approximately 8-11 GW with annual energy consumption ranging 55-77 TWh. This is based on an assumed annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 2.5%-4.0%. Analysis was conducted for PV deployment between 1-7 GW and resulting net load curves are forecast. See Section 9.2. Additional work will need to be done to evaluate system integration potential, depending on the geospatial placement of PV and other renewable energy (RE) and non-RE deployments.
In April 2019, the Water Power Technologies Office launched the HydroWIRES Initiative to understand, enable, and improve hydropower and pumped storage hydropower (PSH) contributions to reliability, resilience, and integration in the rapidly evolving U.S. electricity system. The unique characteristics of hydropower, including PSH, make it well-suited to provide a range of storage, generation flexibility, and other grid services to support the cost-effective integration of variable renewable resources.The U.S. electricity system is rapidly evolving, bringing both opportunities and challenges for the hydropower sector. While increasing deployment of variable renewables such as wind and solar have enabled low-cost clean energy in many U.S. regions, it has also created a need for resources that can store energy or quickly change their operations to ensure a reliable and resilient grid. Hydropower (including PSH) is not only a supplier of bulk, low-cost, renewable energy but also a source of large-scale flexibility and a force multiplier for other renewable power-generation sources. Realizing this potential requires innovation in several areas, such as understanding value drivers for hydropower under evolving system conditions, describing flexible capabilities and tradeoffs associated with hydropower meeting system needs, optimizing hydropower operations and planning, and developing innovative technologies that enable hydropower to operate more flexibly.HydroWIRES is distinguished in its close engagement with the DOE national laboratories. Five laboratories-
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