Elevation of scrotal temperature may be injurious to spermatogenesis and leading cause male infertility. Scrotal heat stress reduces the number and motility of spermatozoa, fertilization ability of the surviving sperm and poor fertilization-embryo. This study was designed to investigate the effect of heat stress (at 37 ºC, 40 ºC and 43 ºC) on histopathological features of testicular tissue in scrotal heat exposed male mice. Experimental and control groups were sacrificed after completion of five weeks heat exposure period. The testes were fixed and stained hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis according to Johnson scoring system. The results indicated that mice exposed to heat-stress mice exhibited degenerated and disorganized features of spermatogenic epithelium and reduced spermatogenic cells. Heat stress exposure (40 ºC and 43 ºC) shows the significantly reduced Johnson score compared to the control condition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, scrotal heat exposure at 37 ºC did not reach significantly changes in Johnsen's testicular histopathological score. The seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were completely disrupted in mice exposed to 43 °C. Percentage of high Johnsen score point was decreased in mice in heat-stress exposure group, while the ratio of low Johnsen score points was gradually increase. Spermatogenesis in male mice exposed to chronic scrotal heat stress is disrupted at 43 °C. In conclusion, this study attempted to develop an animal model for studying the male reproductive system. Johnsen scores system was standardized to assess murine testicular histopathology in the seminiferous tubule cross-section. Collectively, these results indicated a negative impact on histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis arrest following chronic scrotal heat stress.

Background: HER2 is the target of the therapeutic agents which are used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer. Reports have shown that the HER2 oncogene expression and its association with clinicopathological factors remain unclear in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study aimed to determine the correlation between HER2 expression and clinicalpathological characteristics of breast cancer in Vietnamese women. Methods: Between June 2016 and August 2018, paraffin-embedded specimens from 237 patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma in Hue University Hospital and Hue Center Hospital, Hue city, Vietnam were examined for pathological features. The gene expression of HER2, ER, PR and Ki-67 were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The gene amplification of Her2 was assessed by using Dual color in situ hybridization (DISH). Results: The most frequent histological type was invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) with 77.35%, the highest percentage of patients with Grade II was detected (59.36%), tumor size > 2 cm accounted for 71.31% of cases, Lymph node metastases were available in 57.86% cases. Most patients were diagnosed at stage II (59.18%). The majority of patients were classified as moderate Nottingham prognostic index (54.9%). Estrogen receptor and Progesterone receptor were positive in 53.16% and 50.63%, respectively. 76.37% of cases were in high expression group of Ki-67 (≥14%). HER2 IHC 2+, 3+ were accounted for 28.69% and HER2 gene amplification was detected in 31% cases. HER2 gene amplification and/or overexpression was significantly associated with cell proliferation index Ki67. Furthermore, HER2 gene expression tended to be more frequently found in tumors with large tumor size, high grade, high stage and high Nottingham prognostic index and confirmed their prognostic independent role. Conclusions: Our data indicated that HER2 gene expression was significantly correlated with cell proliferation index Ki67, but not significantly associated with another clinicopathological factors in breast cancer of Vietnamese women.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with an increasing incidence in most countries, representing a public health threat (Momenimovahed and Salehiniya, 2019;Zahmatkesh et al., 2016). In the United States, breast cancer caused 42,000 deaths in 2017 (Siegel et al., 2020). Clearly, there is a link with ageing, especially among women aged 45 to 65, and it is increasing among younger women (Bouchardy et al., 2007;Dobi et al., 2011;Zubor et al., 2006). Breast cancer under the age of 40 accounts accounts for 3-7% of all breast cancer cases

Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Although there has been a slight increase in overall survival due to the inclusion of targeted medications in the standard chemotherapeutic treatment paradigm, the prognosis remains poor. New evidence suggests that certain molecular and histopathologic tumor characteristics, as well as staging, may also influence patients’ prognosis. Indeed, two detailed genomic classifications of gastric cancer have recently been developed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG), showing that microsatellite instability (MSI) is a distinct subgroup related to gastric cancer patients’ prognosis. Interestingly, the MSI-H subgroup was identified as a separate entity of GC in both of these classifications that are relevant to the prognosis of gastric cancer. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is caused most frequently by deficiency in the mismatch repair proterin (MMR) (including MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6) and can be defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Microsatellite instability offers a good prognostic marker associated with different cancer types. Therefore, the identification of MMR in gastric cancer is very important to provide valuable prognostic information and personalized treatment Key words: gastric cancer, microsatellite instability, mismatch protein repair deficiency, immunohistochemistry, prognosis.

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 20% to 40% of all extranodal lymphomas. This study aims to accomplish the objective: classify the prevalent histopathological patterns of gastrointestinal lymphoma according to WHO 2019 classification based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study sampled on 76 gastrointestinal lymphoma patients to be examined and treated at The Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Viet Nam National Cancer Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022. Results: B cell and T cell Lymphoma made up 97.4% and 2.6%, respectively; among them, the most common pattern was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (59.2%,), Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (17.1%), Mantle cell lymphoma (15.8%), Follicular lymphoma (2.6%), High-grade B-cell lymphoma (1.3%), and Small lymphocytic lymphoma (1.3%). The most frequent position was the stomach (60.5%), the rectum and colon, small intestine, and ileocecal region at 19.7%, 10.5%, and 9.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Using histopathology and immunohistochemistry can classify the majority of gastrointestinal Non - Hodgkin lymphoma according to the WHO 2019 classification. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in the classification of gastrointestinal lymphomas. Key words: gastrointestinal lymphoma, WHO 2019 classification, immunohistochemistry