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Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out on four (two wild and two cultivated) species belonging to sub family Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l) and collected from different regions in Egypt to assess the diagnostic value of these characters in taxa delimitation .The results obtained using UPGMA clustring method from analysis of 71 macro-& micro morphological characters resulting in a dendogram which indicated a close taxonomic relationship between Hibiscus esculentus and Hibiscus sabdariffa more than Malva parviflora with similarity index (76% and 75% respectively). Dissimilarity was recorded in Sida spinosa from the other three species ,it distinguished by high genetic diversity based on variation in morphological and anatomical features .The studied species were analyzed for assessment of taxonomic interrelationship among them.

The study was executed during two successive years (2016 and 2017) in the The aim of the work was using one year old plants of five and four seedy strains of Betulaefolia and Mit-Ghamr deciduous fruit rootstocks respectively, where the study carried out to evaluate the molecular genetic variability between seedy strains of Betulaefolia and Mit-Ghamr (peach) rootstock by using two molecular genetic markers, ISSR and SCoT based on PCR techniques to support the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for detection of a biotic and biotic stress in seedy strains.Six and Ten primers was used with ISSR and SCoT molecular genetic markers had successfully generated reproducible polymorphic products to study the genetic variability between the seedy strains of each Betulaefolia and Mit-Ghamr rootstocks. The generated profiles revealed high levels of polymorphism among the studied strains of each rootstock. Data cleared that, a total bands of five seedy strains of Betulaefolia rootstock with ISSR-SCoT primers were recorded 106 band (44-64 respectively), where the total monomorphic bands were 28 (10-18) and total polymorphic bands was recorded 78 (34-44) with polymorphic percentage (73.5% -71%) and the specific marker bands were scored as 30 (13 -17) specific markers. While, total bands of four seedy strains with ISSR-SCoT primers of Mit-Ghamr rootstock were 97 bands (31-66 respectively), 96 these bands were identified as 43 (14-29) monomorphic ones and 54 (17-37) polymorphic bands with polymorphic percentage (54.8% -56%) and 40 (13-27) the polymorphic as a specific markers bands were scored .There were some specific markers discriminated each cultivar from the others as follows:-Primer 14A showed one specific marker for strain stI, Primer 44B showed three specific markers for stIV strain and four specific markers were produced from Primer HB-12 where three of them for stI strain and other specific marker was for stIII strain. While, Primer HB-14 exhibited one specific marker for stI strain, and Primer HB-15 exhibited four specific markers, two of them were for stI strain and the other two for stIV strain. So, It is noted that specific marker in each 14A and HB-14 were the lowest number while, the highest number of monomorphic Band was present at the same primers. Plate(3):DNA polymorphism using ISSR-PCR for the four seedy strains of Mit-Ghamr peach rootstock amplified with five ISSR primers.106 strains (stII and stIII), Three specific markers were resulted from primer SCoT-4 and all of them for stI strain.In the otherwise, Primer SCoT-6 exhibited two specific markers one of them for stII strain and the other was for stIV strain. In the same way, primer SCoT-8 produced one specific marker for stIV strain and four specific marker for stI strain exhibited with primer SCoT-9. While, primer SCoT-10 produced four specific markers, three of them were found in stI strain and the other one for stIII strain and four specific markers were illustrated from primer SCoT-11 where, three of them for stIII strain and the other one for stII ...

Potato buds cvs. ҅ Valor' and 'Spunta' were cultured in vitro on MS solid medium with 0.2 mg -1 BAP. The resulting plantlets were irradiated with gamma radiation doses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy. Irradiated segments were transferred onto fresh MS with BAP and plantlets survival percentage was calculated after eight weeks. Gamma radiation caused the death of 3.8% to 81% in cv. ҅ Spunta' and 2.9% to 83.9% in cv. ҅ Valor'. Microtubers produced from irradiated plantlets were decreased with increasing gamma radiation doses, with notable changes in shape, size and numbers. The proline contents in irradiated plantlets were steady increase with gamma radiation doses. The genomic DNA of the two cultivars and ten radiation treatments was amplified with 10 RAPD primers that generated 53 polymorphic bands. The highest number of genetic identity was 0.9672 showed between irradiated plantlets with 20 and 30 Gy in cv. ҅ Valor'. However, the highest genetic distance was 0.3995 observed between irradiated plantlets with dose 20 Gy in cv. ҅ Valor' and 30 Gy in cv. ҅ Spunta'. The dendrogram generated by cluster analysis distinguished the irradiated plantlets genetically.

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