The yeast Arxula adeninivorans provides an attractive expression platform and can be exploited as gene source for biotechnologically interesting proteins. In the following study, a striking example for the combination of both aspects is presented. The transaldolase-encoding A. adeninivorans ATAL gene, including its promoter and terminator elements, was isolated and characterized. The gene includes a coding sequence of 963 bp encoding a putative 321 amino acid protein of 35.0 kDa. The enzyme characteristics analyzed from isolates of native strains and recombinant strains overexpressing the ATAL gene revealed a molecular mass of ca. 140 kDa corresponding to a tetrameric structure, a pH optimum of ca. 5.5, and a temperature optimum of 20 degrees C. The preferred substrates for the enzyme include D-erythrose-4-phosphate and D-fructose-6-phosphate, whereas D-glyceraldehyde is not converted. The ATAL expression level under salt-free conditions was observed to increase in media supplemented with 5% NaCl rendering the ATAL promoter attractive for moderate heterologous gene expression under high-salt conditions. Its suitability was assessed for the expression of a human serum albumin (HSA) reporter gene.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important foods and economic vegetable crops in the world. Plant breeders resorted to using mutagenesis, especially gamma radiation to improve the yield production and protein content. Two Egyptian cowpea varieties Dokii 331 and Kaha 1 were exposed to different doses of gamma rays (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy) to obtain mutations of economic value and to identify genetic variation by SCoT markers. The exposure of cowpea CVs. Dokii 331 and Kaha 1 to these gamma radiation doses had a positive effect on the early flowering, increase of the number of primary branches number of flowers per plant, pods per plant and the number of seeds, and consequently crop quantity. The dose of 150 Gy was effective in obtaining a dwarf mutation in cv. Kaha 1 where the length of the plant reached 33.4 cm. While in cv. Dokki 331, the dose of 250 Gy induced a change in size and pod color and increase number of pods per plant. While the effect of dose 300 Gy caused to change the color of flower from white to violet and plant length until it reached to 277.4 cm. However, the dose 300 Gy caused changing in the flower color and plant length reached 277.4 cm. Genetic variation in both irradiated cultivars was determined by SCoT markers analysis. The isolated DNAs from irradiated plants were amplified by fifteen SCoT primers. It was obtained 219 bands identified in both cultivars. Dakii 331 (105) Band was given by Polymorphic band number 46 (43.81%). Kaha 1 was 114 Band by Polymorphic band number 55(48.25%). Some SCoT primers were able to generate with a total of 26 specific markers. The cluster analysis based on Jacquard's similarity coefficients and UPGMA algorithms were calculated.
EvEral abiotic stresses including salinity impact plant growth and reduce the productivity of many plants and field crops. Plantlets produced in vitro by tissue culture technique offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of stress adaptation. The present study estimated the survival percentage of two potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) cultivars (Spunta and valor) under salt stress as abiotic stresses. Some biochemical alterations and ultrastructural responses of plantlets were examined. Moreover, genetic diversity was also studied using raPD technique. The results showed that, with the increase of external stress there was a significant decrease in the survival percentage, significant accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline) and induction of DNa damages. Furthermore, there were closing of stomatal apertures, changes in chloroplast ultrastructure and cell intercellular spaces markedly decreased. additionally, high salt stress (150 and 200mM NaCl) caused complete inhibition of plantlet growth. The present work provides insight view for the adaptation of potato plantlets to salt stress through accumulating of osmoprotectants and change in molecular and ultrastructure traits.
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