Management consulting is a relatively new profession.While there is nothing particularly "new" about paying for the expertise of others, the particular flavor of con-
61Management consulting is a relatively new profession. Such consulting firms have become revered as thought-leading think tanks and cutting-edge research organizations. Yet, as they teach their clients to grow, thrive, and innovate, is it possible that top management consulting firms are being disrupted themselves? Even the most seemingly unassailable businesses fall victim to disruption, while others benefit from it to enjoy tremendous growth. Top consultancies are keenly aware of rising competition from emerging-market information technology firms. Therefore, many have taken countermeasures such as expanding their operations in emerging markets and designing outsourcing strategies to mitigate cost gaps. Time will tell if these efforts prove successful. This article attempts to illustrate how the business of consulting is-after all-a business itself that is subject to the forces and perils therein. Top consultants would be well advised to confront disruption head on, rather than robotically focusing up-market or silently hoping themselves immune.
For 2008 the bibliography continues its customary coverage of secondary writings published since 1900 in western European languages on slavery or the slave trade anywhere in the world: monographs, notes and articles in scholarly periodicals, substantial reviews and review essays, conference papers, and chapters in edited volumes and Festschriften focused primarily on slavery or slave trading. Scholarly materials in electronic media, as well as some audio and visual, are also mentioned. Readers unfamiliar with other technical aspects of the presentation may refer to the notes introducing previous supplements in this journal.The bibliography does not include materials on slavery found in writings focused on other subjects, e.g. Spanish administrative practice, the history of sugar, urban or agricultural history, race relations, or the Roman family. Specialists in every field will therefore not find recognized contributions to knowledge of the subject presented in the context of the broader scholarship in their areas -perhaps, and precisely for that reason often among the more significant works in their fields. It is on such specialists, and the references to such related studies that they provide in their own works, that the bibliography ultimately depends. We aim here to cover the literature at a level that gives readers full access to all scholarly literature on slavery within a single additional research step.We've made a minor change to the organization of the bibliography. For some time the 'Modern' sub-heading, under the section 'Other', has been used as a catch-all for a variety of different entries. To better organize these burgeoning fields of inquiry, we've created a new sub-heading, 'Representations and Legacies', which includes entries concerning memory and commemoration, the artistic and literary representation of slavery in contemporary works, and the legacies of slavery, including scholarly work
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