The objective of this paper is to review microwave tomography based on its field, application and antennas approaches. Researches on microwave tomography system have been done unceasingly for several decades especially in determine the dielectric properties for the material. Firstly, the dielectric properties and its influencing factors will be briefly described. Besides, although it has the potential to overcome other process tomography system, it still have some drawbacks. So, the general advantages and disadvantages are listed. Next, survey on the application of microwave tomography and type of antennas used will be discussed. Followed by the trend for the future.
Search and Rescue (SAR) team used dip stick to measure the water depth and identify the badly eroded area and a guide line will be placed to assist them. However, ground erosion is unpredictable coupled with unknown sizes make the SAR task more difficult thus posing grave danger to SAR team in action. Therefore, this current method is no longer reliable because the flood current will swipe it away and rendered the guide line to be unfeasible over time consuming. A system proposed in this study was developed using ultrasonic sensor array to reconstruct the ground map in flood area. It consists of several sensor arrays to collect the underwater depth information and convert them into mapping data before relaying them to ground station. The results then will help the SAR team to identify the safe path to reach for the flood victims. The factor to focus on is the depth of the flood, the current flow and the medium that the wave will go through. The current flow will be the main threat because the sensor needs to be on the right angle to get the accurate reading. The data then will be transfer to excel to start the mapping for underwater ground. Based on the result from the prototype testing conducted using water tank, sensors can be installed to get wider map view and mapping can be improved by using multi-angle shapes for it to be more accurate in flood disaster.
This paper presents the initial study of microwave tomography in agriculture to investigate the effect of microwave signal on the thickness of a medium. In this project, a pair of antennas is used non-invasively where one of it acts as a transmitter and the other one as a receiver. The investigation was based on the transmission and reception of antennas in a transversal direction while several samples of mediums with different thickness are put between those antennas. The result obtained throughout this initial study had shown that the attenuation of microwave will vary with the diameter of the medium. The information and analysis of the preliminary results can be used as a reference for further investigation on the selected medium.
The aims of this paper are to provide a review of the process tomography applications employing field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and to understand current FPGA related researches, in order to seek for the possibility to applied FPGA technology in an ultrasonic process tomography system. FPGA allows users to implement complete systems on a programmable chip, meanwhile, five main benefits of applying the FPGA technology are performance, time to market, cost, reliability, and long-term maintenance. These advantages definitely could help in the revolution of process tomography, especially for ultrasonic process tomography and electrical process tomography. Future work is focused on the ultrasonic process tomography for chemical process column investigation using FPGA for the aspects of low cost, high speed and reconstructed image quality.
This paper presents the measurement strategy of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) for a system using underground investigation and comparison with other application such as conducting vessel pipe and concrete. Measurement of electrical strategy commonly used are adjacent strategy, opposite strategy, diagonal strategy and bounding conducting. This paper also discussed in measurement strategy for underground such as the Wenner-alpha configuration, Pole-Dipole array, cross bore-hole ERT and pseudo-section. This paper focuses on the principle and advantages measurement strategy for underground investigation and for other system such as conducting vessel pipe. The soil resistivity testing was described for related with rooted tree detection in soil.
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