Lowering mowing heights to increase creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting green speed (i.e., ball roll distance) is a common practice. This practice can increase turfgrass susceptibility to heat and drought stress. Other cultural practices might be used to improve putting green quality and speed without additional stress. In this study, vertical mowing was used as a grooming technique to potentially improve putting green quality and speed. A ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass turf, established in 1986, was mowed daily at 3.2, 4.0, and 4.8 mm in combination with vertical mowing frequency treatments of 1 and 2 times per month, and a check of no vertical mowing. Mowing height and vertical mowing frequency effects on ball roll distance, turfgrass color and quality, and root production were evaluated in this study during 1989 and 1990. Vertical mowing treatments did not affect ball roll distance, turfgrass color and quality, or root production. Ball roll distance decreased by 0.2 m in 1989 and 0.4 m in 1990 as mowing height increased from 3.2 to 4.8 mm. Relative putting green speeds were rated as fast (i.e., > 2.6 m) across mowing height in 1989, and medium‐fast to fast (i.e. 2.3–2.6 m) in 1990. Turfgrass color, quality, and root production increased with mowing height in 1989 and 1.0 unit in 1990. Turfgrass quality increased by 0.4 rating unit per mm increase in mowing height in 1989 and 1.0 unit in 1990. Root production at two soil depths of 75 to 150 mm and 150 to 225 mm increased with mowing height in 1990.
Low evapotranspiration (ET) rates and deep extensive root systems are desirable drought avoidance characteristics. In this study, 10 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Hudson) cultivars were evaluated for ET and rooting responses. Evapotranspiration measurements were made in the field during 1987 and 1988 using minilysimeters filled with fritted clay. Crop coefficients (Kc) were determined for each cultivar using a Nebraska modified Penman equation for potential ET. Root distribution experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using a specially designed hydroponic system. Cultivar ET rate differences were repeatable over the 2‐yr field study. ‘Seaside’ and ‘SR‐1020’ ranked high in ET and had Kc values consistently >1, while ‘Pennlinks’ and ‘National’ ranked low, with Kc values consistently <1. Cultivars differed for total root production and root distribution. ‘Cobra’, ‘Penncross’, Pennlinks, ‘Providence’, and SR‐1020 produced roots to depths of 600 to 750 ram. ‘Emerald’, ‘Prominent’, and ‘Penneagle’ did not produce roots beyond 450 ram. Evapotranspiration rate and root distribution variability among creeping bentgrass cultivars could serve as selection criteria in a turfgrass breeding program interested in improving drought resistance.
The ability to minimize potato yield and quality losses due to drought can be greatly improved by understanding the relative responses of different cultivars to seasonal variations in water supply. To address this need, we initiated a 2 year field experiment to determine the responses of the six potato cultivars to different seasonal drought patterns, including 1) full season irrigation at 100 % ET, 2) irrigation at 100 % ET terminated during late bulking , 3) full season irrigation at 70 % ET , 4) irrigation at 70 % ET terminated during late bulking , and 5) a gradual reduction in irrigation from 100 % ET during tuber initiation through early bulking, to 70 % ET during mid-bulking, and 50 % ET through late bulking. GemStar Russet and Ranger Russet, two medium-late maturing cultivars, generally produced the highest yields across the range of drought treatments, but both were fairly sensitive to changes in drought severity. Alturas, a late maturing cultivar, produced relatively high yields with full irrigation, but exhibited the greatest sensitivity to increasing drought severity, particularly when severe late-season water deficits were imposed. Yields for the early maturing cultivar Russet Norkotah were relatively low overall, but it was the least sensitive to changes in drought severity, particularly when late season drought was imposed. Russet Burbank produced comparatively high total yields across the range of drought treatments, but U.S. No. 1 yields were substantially reduced by each seasonal drought pattern. However, it was less sensitive to changes in drought severity than GemStar Russet, Ranger Russet and Alturas. Total and U.S. No. 1 yields for Summit Russet were low for each drought treatment and it exhibited intermediate sensitivity to changes in drought severity. GemStar Russet had the highest water use efficiency based on U.S. No. 1 yield.Resumen Se puede mejorar grandemente la habilidad para minimizar las pérdidas en rendimiento y calidad de papas debido a la sequía, mediante el entendimiento de las respuestas relativas de diferentes variedades a variaciones estacionales en el suministro de agua. Para atender esta necesidad, iniciamos un experimento de campo por dos años para determinar las respuestas de seis variedades de papa a diferentes patrones de sequía estacional, incluyendo, 1) riego completo en el ciclo al 100 % ET, 2) riego al 100 % ET terminando durante el fin de la tuberización, 3) riego durante todo el ciclo a 70 % ET, 4) riego al 70 % ET terminando al final de la tuberización, y 5) reducción gradual de riego de 100 % ET durante la iniciación de la tuberización a lo largo del llenado temprano, a 70 % ET durante la mitad del llenado, y 50 % ET a lo largo de la tuberización tardía. Gem Star Russet y Ranger Russet, dos variedades de intermedias a tardías, generalmente produjeron los rendimientos más altos a lo largo de la amplitud de los tratamientos de sequía, pero ambas fueron muy sensibles a los cambios de la severidad de la sequía. Alturas, una variedad tardía, produjo rendim...
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