Capture of suspended particles by cylindrical collectors is an important mechanism in many aquatic processes, such as larval settlement, suspension feeding, and vegetative filtration. In these processes, the collector Reynolds number (Re c ), based on the collector diameter, ranges from well below 1 to 1,000. No analytical solutions exist to describe capture over most of this range. Capture is typically described by the efficiency, , defined as the ratio of the upstream span of particles that are captured on the collector to the collector diameter. Here, laboratory experiments are used to measure capture efficiency of a single cylinder as a function of Re c and particle ratio, R, which is the ratio of particle diameter to collector diameter. Re c is varied from 50 to 500 and three values of R are used: 0.03, 0.015, and 0.008. The selected particles have a specific gravity of 1.03. For smooth cylinders, capture increases with both Re c and R but is more strongly dependent on R. This result indicates that, in aquatic systems, where flow velocity and suspended particle type and size are fixed, higher capture efficiency will occur on the smallest collectors (those with largest R). Furthermore, we examine a similar experiment in which particles are collected by branched structures. We show that capture to individual cylindrical branches within a compound structure can be predicted by single-cylinder efficiencies. Finally, capture was increased when roughness elements were added to the collectors.

T h e ne w e ngl a nd jou r na l o f m e dicine n engl j med 372;6 nejm.org february 5, 2015

The oral bacterial load of S. intermedius, S. sanguis, Streptococcus anginosus, T. forsythensis, T. denticola, and P. gingivalis may be concomitant risk factors in the development of ACS.

Our findings suggest that patients who at routine dental visits demonstrate evidence of bone loss around several teeth can predictably be identified as being at risk for future AMI. Such subjects should be referred for medical and periodontal examinations and treatments.

The implementation of microbial fecal source tracking (MST) methods in drinking water management is limited by the lack of knowledge on the transport and decay of host-specific genetic markers in water sources. To address these limitations, the decay and transport of human (BacH) and ruminant (BacR) fecal Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic markers in a drinking water source (Lake Rådasjön in Sweden) were simulated using a microbiological model coupled to a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The microbiological model was calibrated using data from outdoor microcosm trials performed in March, August, and November 2010 to determine the decay of BacH and BacR markers in relation to traditional fecal indicators. The microcosm trials indicated that the persistence of BacH and BacR in the microcosms was not significantly different from the persistence of traditional fecal indicators. The modeling of BacH and BacR transport within the lake illustrated that the highest levels of genetic markers at the raw water intakes were associated with human fecal sources (on-site sewers and emergency sewer overflow). This novel modeling approach improves the interpretation of MST data, especially when fecal pollution from the same host group is released into the water source from different sites in the catchment.

No abstract

The results of this study indicate that recurrent ACS events are predicted by serum WBC counts, serum creatinine levels, and a diagnosis of periodontitis. Significantly higher counts of putative pathogens are found in subjects with ACS, but these counts do not predict future ACS events.

(1) As expected, elevated serum hsC-rp concentration and serum WBC counts are associated with acute coronary heart disease. (2) Elevated serum hsC-rp values are associated with radiographically defined periodontitis in subjects with no evidence of CVD. (3) Periodontal parameters are not explanatory to elevated serum hsC-rp values if serum WBC and low-density lipoprotein counts are included in the regression model.