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in the broadband portion of the U.S. Public Safety 700 MHz band. Because of the specific needs of public safety agencies, the support of mission critical services over LTE presents a number of technical challenges. Of critical importance is the interoperability with the embedded LMR networks base since there is no single harmonized LMR technology across the U.S. To cover these challenges and address potential solutions, this paper is organized as follows. We begin with an introduction detailing the primary requirements for public safety voice services. Next, we give an overview of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) 102 series standards governing narrowband public safety systems. We follow with a brief description of the LTE system and describe mission critical services over LTE. We conclude with a survey of outstanding LTE issues.

A new incision pattern for scalp reduction, the modified S, is reported. The technique is outlined and advantages of the modified S over other techniques are discussed.

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