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Summary:Purpose: Effects of MRI-positive (MRI(+)) as compared to MRI-negative (MRI(−)) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on face memory are not yet known.Methods: We studied 24 MRI(−) (11 right/13 left) and 20 MRI(+) (13 right/7 left) TLE patients, 12 generalized epilepsy patients, and 12 healthy subjects undergoing diagnostic workup with 24-72-h Video-EEG-monitoring. Twenty faces were shown, and had to be recognized from 40 faces immediately and after a 24-h delay.Results: MRI(+) and MRI(−) right TLE (RTLE) patients showed deficits in face recognition compared to controls or generalized epilepsy, consistent with right temporal lobe dominance for face recognition. MRI(+) RTLE patients had deficits in both immediate and delayed recognition, while MRI(−) RTLE patients showed delayed recognition deficits only. The RTLE groups showed comparable delayed recognition deficits. Separate analyses in which the MRI(+) group included patients with hippocampal sclerosis only, did not alter results. Furthermore, MRI(−) RTLE had a worse delayed recognition than MRI(−) left TLE (LTLE). On the other hand, MRI(+) RTLE did not differ from MRI(+) LTLE in delayed recognition. Combining MRI(−) and MRI(+) TLE groups, we found differences between RTLE and LTLE in delayed, but not immediate face recognition.Conclusions: Our results suggest that a delayed recognition condition might be superior to immediate recognition tests in detecting face memory deficits in MRI(−) RTLE patients. This might explain why former studies in preoperative patients did not observe an immediate face recognition dominance of the right temporal lobe when combining MRI(−) and MRI(+) TLE patients. Our data further point to an important role of the right mesial temporal region in face recognition in TLE.

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Abstract. This paper describes methods for the atlas-based segmentation of bone structures of the hip, the automatic detection of anatomical point landmarks and the computation of orthopedic parameters. An anatomical atlas was designed to replace interactive, time-consuming pre-processing steps needed for the virtual planning of hip operations. Furthermore, a non-linear gray value registration of CT data is used to recognize different bone structures of the hip. A surface based registration algorithm enables the robust and precise detection of anatomical point landmarks. Furthermore the determination of quantitative parameters, like angles, distances or sizes of contact areas, is important for the planning of hip operations. Based on segmented bone structures and detected landmarks algorithms for the automatic computation of orthopedic parameters were implemented. A first evaluation of the presented methods will be given at the end of the paper.

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It is still an open question whether short-term and long-term memory are two anatomically dissociable memory systems working in parallel or whether they are represented by neural circuits within similar cortical areas. Epilepsy may be used as a model to study these memory processes. We hypothesized that a double dissociation of short-term and long-term memory exists in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Immediate and 24-hour face recognition was tested in 10 TLE patients, 9 IGE patients, and 10 healthy controls. TLE patients' immediate recognition was unimpaired, but their memory scores were reduced as compared to healthy controls after 24 hours. In IGE patients, memory was already reduced during immediate recognition. These results are in line with the idea that short-term memory is a transient trace that requires consolidation supported by the medial temporal lobe to change into a more stable status of long-term memory.

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