In many applications, like indexing of broadcast news or surveillance applications, the input data consists of a continuous, unsegmented audio stream. Speech recognition technology, however, usually requires segments of relatively short length as input. For such applications, effective methods to segment continuous audio streams into homogeneous segments are required. In this paper, three different segmenting strategies (model-based, metric-based and energy-based) are compared on the same broadcast news test data. It is shown that model-based and metric-based techniques outperform the simpler energy-based algorithms. While model-based segmenters achieve very high level of segment boundary precision, the metric-based segmenter performes better in terms of segment boundary recall (RCL). To combine the advantages of both strategies, a new hybrid algorithm is introduced. For this, the results of a preliminary metric-based segmentation are used to construct the models for the final model-based segmenter run. The new hybrid approach is shown to outperform the other segmenting strategies.
Verbmobil, a German research project, aims at machine translation of spontaneous speech input. The ultimate goal is the development o f a portable machine translator that will allow people to negotiate in their native language. Within this project the University of Karlsruhe has developed a speech recognition engine that has been evaluated on a y early basis during the project and shows very promising speech recognition word accuracy results on large vocabulary spontaneous speech. In this paper we will introduce the Janus Speech Recognition Toolkit underlying the speech recognizer. The main new contributions to the acoustic modeling part of our 1996 evaluation system speaker normalization, channel normalization and polyphonic clustering will be discussed and evaluated. Besides the acoustic models we delineate the di erent language models used in our evaluation system: Word trigram models interpolated with class based models and a separate spelling language model were applied. As a result of using the toolkit and integrating all these parts into the recognition engine the word error rate on the German Spontaneous Scheduling Task GSST could be decreased from 30 word error rate in 1995 to 13.8 in 1996.
For many practical applications of speech recognition systems, it is desirable to have an estimate of condence for each h ypothesized word, i.e. to have an estimate of which words of the output of the speech recognizer are likely to be correct and which are not reliable. We describe the development of the measure of condence tagger JANKA, which i s able to provide condence information for the words in the output of the speech recognizer JANUS-3-SR. On a spontaneous german human-to-human database, JANKA achieves a tagging accuracy of 90% at a baseline word accuracy of 82%.
Introduction Little information is available regarding the rate of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR) without antibiotic prophylaxis. Hand surgeons should be aware of patients’ history of arthroplasty. Methods All patients who underwent CTR at our institution between 2012 and 2014 were identified and their charts were reviewed to identify those who had a history of total hip, knee, and/or shoulder arthroplasty. Further chart review consisted of identifying a history of PJI, use of perioperative antibiotics, and surgeon awareness of prior arthroplasty. Results Two hundred seventy-five CTR surgeries were performed in patients who had previously undergone total joint arthroplasty (TJA). There were no PJIs in any group of patients (P = 0.01). Hand surgeon awareness of the presence of an arthroplasty history had no discernable effect on the choice to use antibiotics. Conclusions There was a 0% rate of PJI in our series of patients with a history of TJA who underwent CTR. Overall hand surgeon awareness of TJA status was poor or poorly documented. Routine prophylactic antibiotics may not be indicated in patients undergoing CTR, even with the presence of a prosthetic joint.
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