Audible pulse tones, based on a variable-pitch frequency scale, allow the anesthesiologist to determine the patient's oxygen saturation without constant visual examination of the monitor display. The ability to reliably detect oxygen saturation levels based on audible pulse tones may be compromised when multiple pulse oximeter systems are used. The goal of this observational study was to examine the pitch frequency scales from several different pulse oximeter manufacturers. Using simulator technology, incremental oxygen saturations between 80% and 100% were created. The frequencies of various pulse tones in this range were measured with an oscilloscope. From this data, the relationship between oxygen saturation and corresponding pulse tone frequency was examined. Diagrammed results showed wide variation in the pulse frequency scales used by the pulse oximeters tested. At any oxygen saturation level between 80% and 100%, none of the monitors had the same pulse tone frequency. With such variation among systems, the ability to accurately determine oxygen saturation from a pulse tone may be hindered. In locations where different pulse oximeter systems are encountered, the potential for confusion exists. Anesthesiologists need to be aware of these differences, and should familiarize themselves with the audible frequency scale of a particular pulse oximeter model before its use.
A two-phase study was conducted to determine predictors of success at typing. In the first phase, beginning typing students were given a battery of tests to measure digital dexterity. The test results were correlated with typing speed attained after a one-semester course. Very little correlation between gross typing speed and digital dexterity was found. In the second phase of the study, beginning typing students were given computer-administered tests to measure reaction time, the ability to use the fingers independently, and the speed with which three random characters could be typed on a keyboard. The test results were correlated with typing speed after the completion of a one-semester course. Reaction time and the ability to use the fingers independently showed moderate correlation coefficients; however, the ability to type three random characters was well correlated with typing speed. This last type of test may be useful in screening typist trainees.
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