Non-disrupted pieces of primary human lung tumor implanted into NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice consistently result in successful xenografts in which tissue architecture, including tumor-associated leukocytes, stromal fibroblasts, and tumor cells are preserved for prolonged periods with limited host-vs-graft interference. Human CD45+ tumor-associated leukocytes within the xenograft are predominantly CD3+ T cells with fewer CD138+ plasma cells. The effector memory T cells that had been shown to be quiescent in human lung tumor microenvironments can be activated in situ as determined by the production of human IFN-γ in response to exogenous IL-12. Plasma cells remain functional as evidenced by production of human Ig. Significant levels of human IFN-γ and Ig were detected in sera from xenograft-bearing mice for up to 9 wk postengraftment. Tumor-associated T cells were found to migrate from the microenvironment of the xenograft to the lung, liver, and primarily the spleen. At 8 wk postengraftment, a significant portion of cells isolated from the mouse spleens were found to be human CD45+ cells. The majority of CD45+ cells were CD3+ and expressed a phenotype consistent with an effector memory T cell, consisting of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells that were CD45RO+, CD44+, CD62L−, and CD25−. Following adoptive transfer into non-tumor bearing NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice, these human T cells were found to expand in the spleen, produce IFN-γ, and maintain an effector memory phenotype. We conclude that the NOD-scid IL2Rγnull tumor xenograft model provides an opportunity to study tumor and tumor-stromal cell interactions in situ for prolonged periods.
Immune dysregulation drives the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory, autoimmune and dysplastic disorders. While often intended to address localized pathology, most immune modulatory therapies are administered systemically and carry inherent risk of multi-organ toxicities. Here we demonstrate, in a murine model of spontaneous gastrointestinal polyposis, that site-specific uptake of orally-administered microparticles of the interleukin IL-10 ameliorates local and systemic disease to enhance survival. Mechanistic investigations showed that the therapeutic benefit of this treatment derived from neutralization of disease-promoting FoxP3+RoRγt+IL17+ pathogenic T-regulatory cells (pgTreg), with a concomitant restoration of FoxP3+RoRγt-IL17- conventional T regulatory cells (Treg). These findings provide a proof-of-principle for the ability of an oral biologic to restore immune homeostasis at the intestinal surface. Further, they implicate local manipulation of IL-10 as a tractable therapeutic strategy to address the inflammatory sequelae associated with mucosal premalignancy.
Twelve seed oils containing a variety of functional groups were examined with a commercial broad-band nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Instrument response (integrator readout) was directly related to hydrogen content of the oil (r = 0.999), regardless of the structures present.NMR techniques were applied to the determination of oil in intact, partially dried seeds from 18 plant species containing 1.5-53% oil having a variety of structures. The correlation between integrator readout (calculated to a uniform 25-g sample weight) and oil content (determined by extraction with petroleum ether) is excellent (r= 0.993). If the readout is further modified by a correction for the variation in hydrogen content of the oils, the correlation becomes 0.996.
Conclusions: Both agents given together outperformed either separately. Highest TGFβ doses and most frequent dose schedule were most effective. Activity was associated with a significant increase [45%] in Foxp3 expression by colonic lamina propria CD4+ CD25+ T-cells. Activity was also demonstrated in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. The data support development of the combination product as a novel, targeted immune based therapy for treatment for IBD.
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