The propriety of psychological testimony concerning factors that influence eyewitness reliability has been challenged on the grounds that the research methods and populations used in eyewitness research may not generalize. The present experiment examines one aspect of the generalizability issue and tests whether a number of factors that have produced differential performance in college-age subject popu!ations produce similar effects in older subject populations. Subjects ranging from 18 to 74 years of age viewed a videotaped reenactment of a robbery. In the videotapes the presence of a weapon and the robber's disguise were manipulated. At the identification phase, the presence of the robber in the lineup, the lineup instructions given the witnesses, and contextual aids to witness memory were manipulated. Age produced a main effect on identification accuracy (with performance declining with age), but did not interact with any of the other variables. The results indicate that the effects of the other independent variables generalize across age groups.* The quality of this manuscript has been improved considerably through the helpful comments of Ronald Fisher, Michael Leippe, and an anonymous reviewer. Requests for reprints may be sent to
This study posits a model of funeral satisfaction in which religiosity predicts general funeral attitudes, which predict levels and types of funeral participation, mediating the relationship between attitudes and satisfaction in a particular bereavement context. Over a thousand respondents rated their attitudes toward funerals in general and evaluated the most recent funeral they had actually attended. The resulting model indicated that religiosity and favorable attitudes, when enacted through participation and involvement, tend to predict funeral satisfaction, in combination with favorable comparisons, and when the deceased was close and the death unexpected or tragic. Evaluations of the funeral, in turn, independently influence a person's general attitudes about funerals. Theoretical and practical implications for understanding funerals and bereavement are explored.
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