A live, attenuated, recombinant influenza vaccine (Alice strain) administered intranasally was evaluated in high school students and compared with intranasal placebo and subcutaneous, inactivated, bivalent influenza vaccine. The Alice strain was antigenic, increasing the geometric mean titer (GMT) from a prestudy level of 30.2 to a postvaccine level of 189.6. The inactivated vaccine increased the GMT from 32.9 to 361.8. There was no increase in the GMT among the placebo recipients. The Alice strain produced little reaction. With an antigenic, safe, acceptable, live, attenuated influenza vaccine available, immunization on a widespread basis should be considered.
Two years after receiving live rubella virus vaccine, 625 school children were retested to determine the persistence of vaccine-induced antibody. There was no significant change in antibody between seven weeks and two years after vaccination in 307 of 313 Cendehill strain vaccinees and 282 of 299 high passaged virus (HPV)-77-dog kidney (DK)-12 strain vaccinees. Five Cendehill and 6 HPV-77-DK-12 vaccinees experienced a significant decrease in antibody titer, and one Cendehill and 11 HPV-77-DK-12 vaccinees experienced a significant increase in titer. Thirteen children were revaccinated; one had a significant boost in antibody titer. Among a control group of susceptible adolescent girls not vaccinated, 86 of 93 remained susceptible. Two control girls had clinical and five had subclinical rubella.Medical and laboratory surveillance revealed little rubella in the school system during the two-year period. Rubella vaccination has become a reality. In the United States rubella vaccines are being adminis¬ tered to prepubertal children by pri¬ vate physicians and through clinic, community, and school programs.1 Postpubertal women are also receiv¬ ing vaccines on a selected basis.There are three rubella virus vaccines licensed for use: HPV-77-DE-5 (DE), a derivative of the high passaged virus strain produced in duck embryo cell culture; HPV-77-DK-12 (DK), a derivative of the HPV strain pro¬ duced in dog kidney cell culture; andCendehill, a Cendehill strain deriva¬ tive produced a rabbit kidney cell cul¬ ture. Natural rubella infection results in a serum hemagglutination inhibi¬ tion (HI) antibody response, which peaks within six weeks and persists at somewhat lower levels for a long time or lifetime,24 while rubella vac¬ cination results in substantially lower HI antibody levels than found in nat¬ ural rubella within six weeks.2 4 The persistence of serum HI antibody lev¬ els following administration of the three vaccines remains to be deter¬ mined. We report the results of HI antibody levels in blood specimens collected two years after vaccination from school children given either Cendehill or DK vaccine and who were under medical surveillance dur¬ ing the two-year period. elementary school children (grades K-6) in the Princeton School District (PSD) re¬ ceived either Cendehill or DK vaccines.The study population, school district, orga¬ nization of the program, and results have been described previously/' Blood speci¬ mens before and after vaccination were collected from 1,258 susceptible children. Six hundred twenty-six children received Cendehill and 632 received DK vaccine. There was a 99% seroconversion rate to both vaccines, with a higher geometric mean HI antibody titer after the DK vac¬ cination. A group of 1,080 adolescent girls in the junior and senior high schools were also tested for rubella immunity and 284 (26%) were found to be susceptible. These susceptible students were not vaccinated in 1968 and served as a control group within the PSD. Surveillance During 1968-1970.-Parents of vaccinées and the control gr...
Two hundred eighty-three (DK) strain vaccinees in the Princeton School District of Cincinnati were followed up for 4\ m=1/ 2\ years to determine persistence of vaccine-acquired serum antibody. The
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