Although a longer duration of sensory blockade was observed with perineural dexmedetomidine, a significant increase compared with the control group was not established. Other concentrations should be investigated to verify if dexmedetomidine is a useful adjuvant to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks in dogs.

Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; statistical analysis. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To assess the cardiorespiratory parametes, recovery, gastrointestinal motility and serum cortisol concentrations in horses anesthetized with isoflurane with or without a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of butorphanol for orchiectomy. METHODS:Twelve adult, intact, male horses weighing 332 ± 55 kg were included in the study. Xilazine was administered as premedication. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and midazolam and maintained with isoflurane. Butorphanol (0.025 mg kg -1 bolus) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9%) was given intravenously followed by a CRI of butorphanol (BG) (13 µg kg -1 hour -1 ) or saline (CG). Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded before (T0) and every 15 minutes for 75 minutes after the start of infusion.Serum cortisol concentration was measured at T0 and 60 minutes, and 30 minutes and 19 hours after the horse stood up. Recovery from anesthesia was evaluated using a scoring system. Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated before anesthesia and during 24 hours after recovery. RESULTS:There were no significant differences between groups in cardiopulmonary variables, or recovery scores or serum cortisol concentrations. A reduction in gastrointestinal motility was recorded for 60 minutes in BG. CONCLUSIONS:Continuous rate infusion of butorphanol in horses anesthetized with isoflurane did not adversely affect the cardiopulmonary variables monitored, or recovery scores. A small but statistically significant reduction in gastrointestinal motility occurred in the butorphanol group.

OBJECTIVE To assess pulmonary hemodynamics and alveolar oxygenation in dogs anesthetized with propofol or isoflurane during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in a closed-thoracic experimental model. ANIMALS 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized with each of 3 protocols (constant rate IV infusion of propofol [0.4 to 1.0 mg/kg/min], isoflurane at the minimum alveolar concentration [MAC], and isoflurane 1.5 MAC), with a 7-day washout period between anesthetic sessions. During each session, dogs were intubated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube, positioned in right lateral recumbency, and administered atracurium (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg, IV, q 30 min) to allow mechanical ventilation throughout a 2-hour observation period. Dogs underwent two-lung ventilation for 30 minutes, OLV of the right lung for 1 hour, and two-lung ventilation for another 30 minutes. Pulmonary hemodynamic and blood gas variables were evaluated at predetermined times and compared among protocols and over time within each protocol. RESULTS Alveolar oxygenation was not impaired, and mean heart rate and pulmonary artery pressure and occlusion pressure were similar among the 3 protocols. One-lung ventilation caused a significant increase in the arteriovenous shunt fraction only when dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.5 MAC. Dogs developed respiratory acidosis, which was exacerbated by OLV, during all anesthetic sessions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated pulmonary hemodynamics and alveolar oxygenation during OLV in a closed-thoracic model were similar regardless of whether dogs were anesthetized with propofol or isoflurane. One-lung ventilation can be successfully performed in dogs by use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube and either propofol or isoflurane.

RESUMO.O presente relata a evisceração e posterior herniação inguinal de segmento de jejuno em equino submetido à orquiectomia. Um eqüino da raça Mangalarga Marchador, macho, 15 anos, foi encaminhado para realização de orquiectomia eletiva em haras no município de Alegre-ES. Após sedação e anestesia local, o paciente foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico. Decorridos 15 minutos, foi observado sangramento na região da bolsa escrotal, com visualização de tecido emergindo da ferida cirúrgica na bolsa escrotal direita. Após exame visual verificou-se tratar de porção do intestino delgado insinuandose pelo anel inguinal e ferida cirúrgica. Imediatamente o paciente foi submetido à laparotomia mediana à campo para redução da evisceração, sob anestesia geral intravenosa. O redução foi realizada com êxito, com sutura do anel inguinal externo direito. Decorridas seis horas do término da laparotomia, o paciente apresentou quadro clinico de abdômen agudo, e à palpação retal constatou-se presença de hérnia inguinal direita. Optou-se pela eutanásia do animal, por não haver um centro cirúrgico de grandes animais na região. Na necropsia foi verificado porção de jejuno insinuada no canal inguinal direito, com estrangulamento, apresentando-se com coloração esverdeada. A orquiectomia é uma técnica de execução relativamente simples, podendo ser realizada a campo pelo médico veterinário, porém, apresenta taxas de complicações elevadas, entre 20 a 38% dos casos, principalmente associados a erros de técnica cirúrgica. A evisceração intestinal pós-castração é considerada uma situação de emergência, exigindo uma conduta terapêutica rápida e eficiente. A sua ocorrência é rara, em torno de 0,2 a 2,6 % dos casos de orquiectomia. A palpação retal prévia à orquiectomia pode auxiliar na detecção de um anel inguinal interno dilatado ou qualquer alteração no mesmo, todavia esta prática não é realizada rotineiramente no pré-operatório de orquiectomia na espécie eqüina. Palavras chave: equinos, castração, evisceraçãoEvisceration in a horse submitted to orchiectomy: a case report ABSTRACT. This case report describes an evisceration of a segment of the small intestine in a male, 15-years-old Mangalarga Marchador horse, which was submitted to elective orchiectomy in a stud farm in Alegre, ES, Brazil. Following sedation and local anesthesia, the patient was submitted to the surgical procedure. Fifteen minutes after the end of surgery, hemorrhage from the region of the scrotum was observed, with tissue protruding from the surgical wound in the right scrotal sac. Visual exam revealed that it was a segment of the small intestine protruding from the inguinal ring and surgical wound. The patient was immediately submitted to TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia) and an emergency median laparotomy was performed to reduce the evisceration. The procedure was carried out with success and the right external inguinal ring was sutured. Six hours after the second procedure, the patient presented clinical signs of acute