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In the present study we surveyed the English language learning motivations of 740 secondary school students belonging to different social classes in the capital of Chile, Santiago. We applied multiple analyses of variance to analyze how motivational variables differ depending on students' social class. The results suggest that social class has an overall medium-size effect on motivational factors with self-efficacy beliefs being the most strongly related to socioeconomic status. The most important differences in motivation, self-regulation and learner autonomy were found between upper-middle and high social class students on the one hand and low and lower middle class students on the other hand, which we explained with reference to the inequality created by the Chilean schooling system. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.001

This article reports on a study conducted with 42 participants from a Chilean university, which aimed to determine the effect of mode of response on test performance and test-taker perception of test features by comparing a semidirect online version and a direct face-to-face version of a speaking test. Candidate performances on both test versions were double-marked and analysed using both classical test theory and many-facet Rasch measurement. To gain an insight into students' perceptions of the two modes of delivery, we also asked candidates to complete a questionnaire after sitting each version. The many-facet Rash analysis showed no significant difference in the difficulty of the two versions of test. Nonetheless, there was a significant preference among candidates for the face-to-face version across a number of different features of the test.

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