18 19 Cainotheriids are a family of small artiodactyls, known in the fossil record from the late 20 Eocene to the middle Miocene in Western Europe. Contrary to several European endemic 21 ungulate groups that became extinct at the end of the Eocene or close to the Eocene-Oligocene 22 transition (Grande Coupure), cainotheriids crossed this boundary and diversified during the 23 Oligocene. The evolutionary history of cainotheriids around the Grande Coupure remains 24 poorly documented and only a few works deal with the modalities of their evolution, notably 25 because of the scarcity of available Eocene remains. A new fossiliferous karstic network named 26 Dams was discovered during field prospections in the Quercy area (Tarn-et-Garonne, France).
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