Lecanora vaenskaei Roux et C. Coste sp.nov. is described as a new saxicolous, calcifugous lichen species, discovered in southeastern France (Var Department). It differs from Lecanora chlorophaeodes Nyl. in its thallus, apothecia, paraphyses, spores and distribution. The classification of the new species is considered with respect to the genus Rhizoplaca, which is shown to belong to the family Lecanoraceae rather than the Parmeliaceae. Key words: lichens, Lecanoraceae, Lecanora, morphology, structure, distribution, ecology, systematics, Parmeliaceae, Rhizoplaca.
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