Durante a campanha presidencial dos Estados Unidos no ano de 2016 o governo do país acusou agentes de inteligência russa de usarem ataques cibernéticos contra a empresa que produzia softwares que são usados no sistema eleitoral do país. Apesar de interferências em democracias não serem novas, o caso representa uma tendência na qual o meio cibernético torna-se um valioso recurso, pois, com o avanço da tecnologia da informatização os sistemas eleitorais vem se tornando digitalizados acarretando grande vulnerabilidade especialmente para os países em desenvolvimento. O trabalho tem por objetivo expor a questão do uso dos ataques cibernéticos em eleições. Sustenta que haverá uma tendência a este tipo de intervenção como estratégia política de atores internacionais. Como estudo de caso o trabalho irá se basear na eleição dos E.U.A em 2016 e eventos semelhantes no mesmo período.ABSTRACTDuring the United States presidential campaign in 2016, the country's government has accused Russian intelligence agents of using cyber attacks against a company that produces software used in the country's electoral system. Although interference in democracies is not new, the case represents a trend in which the cybernetic medium becomes a valuable resource because the advancement of computer technology electoral systems are becoming digitalised which are causing great vulnerability especially for developing countries. This paper aims to expose the issue of the use of cyber attacks in elections. It sustains that there will be a tendency to this type of intervention as a political strategy of international actors. As a case study the work will be based on the US election in 2016 and similar events in the same period.Palavras-chave: Relações Internacionais; ciberataques; eleiçõesKeywords: International Relations, cyberattacks; elections Recebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018.
The world is struggling with the widely spread effects of the virus Covid-19. The damage until now took more than a million people in less than a year, which is more than a considerably number of small wars together. The purpose of this article is to identify signs, uncertainties and trends from future studies that have been written in the last few months by government agencies, large private companies, academic institutions and worldwide organizations about the influence of the pandemic in areas such as economy, international relations, geopolitics, environment, technology and society in order to assess those of main potential impacts for national defense and international security. The methodology relied on semantic analysis application based on 55 selected futures studies (reports, papers, books etc.) written in three largely spoken languages regarding both Covid-19 and prospective scenarios. The analysis focus on the complex tangle between technology and society, as well as, between politics and economy. The results are summarized in a list of variables of trend or uncertainties followed by some possible impacts on how they can interact or affect the issue. This paper points out the necessity to look over this pandemic horizon with contributions from different government departments, think tanks, academics and non- governmental organizations to short the time-lapse between the strategic formulation and its results.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.