Time series precipitation data generated by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) have been used as a possible solution for providing rainfall information for ungauged regions. We evaluated the quality of TRMM Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Version 6 (3B42V6) and Version 7 (3B42V7) products on a daily and monthly basis for a 14 year time series by comparing with gridded ground‐based rainfall data from ~3625 rain gauges distributed throughout Brazil. The results show that daily estimates are inaccurate for both Versions 6 and 7 (the refined index of agreement, dr, was less than 0.6 in most of the analyzed pixels). In general, both versions perform well on monthly basis (dr > 0.75), but no significant improvement between them could be identified with the exception of local areas. TMPA performed poorly in the northwest region, where rainfall depths are higher in Brazil; however, the quality of the ground‐based data is poor in this region because of low gauge density. Based on a seasonal analysis, we found that TMPA performed better during the dry seasons and that some improvements, although not significant, between successive versions took place over the northeast, southeast, and south regions. This study shows the value of remote sensing precipitation for providing reliable, spatiotemporally continuous precipitation at monthly timescales.

Software architectures have been recognized as the backbone to the success of any software system. In addition, they are responsible to aggregate quality attributes, such as interoperability, dependability, and maintainability, to these systems. In parallel, currently, a new class of complex software systems has emerged, referred as Systems of Systems (SoS), resulting from a number of operationally and managerially independent software systems working together to fulfill a mission that none system alone could provide. Considering their complexity, the development of SoS has demanded special attention to their software architectures. In this scenario, the description of such architectures, i.e., the way that these architectures are represented/documented, becomes quite important as it can improve communication as well as evaluation and maintenance of these architectures. Despite its relevance, there is still no complete panorama about architectural descriptions of SoS. The main contribution of this paper is to present results of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on how SoS software architectures have been described. As main result, there are already important contributions in that direction; however, there is a lack of consensus on how better dealing with these descriptions. We conclude this paper with directions on how a consensus could be achieved and which aspects of the SoS architectural descriptions require further investigation. * This author is also with

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The adoption of microservices architecture has taken on great pro-portions due to its benefits and popularization of containers driven tools, such as Kubernetes and Docker. Besides, the development of microservice-based applications is a complex task, specially because they can be composed of multiple heterogeneous parts. In particular, one of the main challenges is how to conduct the microservices autoscaling (i.e., adding or removing resources on demand), while still avoiding resource waste, such as CPU and memory. This paper presents the state of the art of approaches to solve the problem of micro services autoscaling, the main characteristics to be considered as well as the important future directions that need to be still investigated.

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A minha esposa, Talita Bianchi, por tudo. Agradeço pelo carinho, compreensão, incentivo e companheirismo. Sou grato a Deus pelo nosso casamento e pela bênção queé tê-la ao meu lado. Aos meus pais, Lucas e Mary Bianchi. Vocês me deram amor, carinho e investiram na minha educação. Divido com vocês o sucesso deste trabalho. Ao meu irmão, Lucas Bianchi, pelo incentivo eânimo nos momentos mais difíceis. Aos meus tios, Silas e Rosa Bianchi, pelo exemplo de vida acadêmica e incentivo para concluir este trabalho. A orientadora e amiga Profa. Dra. Elisa Yumi Nakagawa, pela amizade, companheirismo e pelos valiosos conselhos. Nos conhecemos há muito tempo e espero que continuemos a trabalhar juntos. Ao amigo Prof. Dr. Fernando Paulovich, pelas contribuições preciosas na análise dos resultados deste trabalho. Aos amigos da Igreja Presbiteriana de São Carlos, pela estreita comunhão e irmandade em Cristo. Aos professores que contribuíram para minha formação acadêmica: Rodrigo F. Mello, José Carlos Maldonado, Renata Pontin e Ellen Barbosa. Obrigado a todas as pessoas que contribuíram de alguma forma para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho.

I nati da gravidanza gemellare costituiscono una popolazione a maggior rischio di mortalita e morbilita neonatale rispetto ai nati singoli. I principali problemi che si possono presentare sono la nascita pretermine, il ritardo di crescita intrauterina con le patologie associate e la maggiore incidenza di malformazioni congenite. Materiali. Negli anni 1990-92 sono nati 435 bambini da 215 gravidanze multiple: 132 pluricoriali e 57 monocoriali (delle quali 6 monoamniotiche); in 26 casi la placentazione non era definita. Le coppie erano 204, le triplette 10 e una gravidanza era quadrigemina. Risultati. Nel 79% dei casi il parto e avvenuto per taglio cesareo. II 66.7% di neonati sono di basso peso alia nascita (<2500g) e il 62.5% prematuri (EG<37 settimane). II 13.1% dei soggetti presentano un peso alia nascita <1500g. II 19.3% sono piccoli per l'eta gestazionale. Nel 28.3% dei casi e stata riscontrata una discordanza di peso maggiore del 20%. Sulla base della placentazione e possibile sottolineare alcune differenze significative: il peso medio alia nascita e l'eta gestazionale media sono inferiori nei gemelli monocoriali (1995g e 34 settimane) rispetto ai bicoriali (2399g e 35.7 settimane) mentre non si rilevano differenze per altri parametri quali modalita di parto, prevalenza di piccoli per l'eta gestazionale (SGA) o la discordanza di peso. La mortalita perinatale e neonatale e rispettivamente del 4.7% e 4.3 %, superiore nel gruppo dei monocoriali, rispetto ai bicoriali (mortalita perinatale 9% vs. 4%, neonatale 10.3% vs. 2.8%). Cause prevalenti di mortalita sono grave prematurita o idrope nei soggetti monocoriali, malformazioni nei bicoriali. La frequenza di malformazioni da noi riscontrata nei gemelli (6.4%) e doppia rispetto a quanto riferito nei singoli. Si e osservata un'alta prevalenza di RDS in forma grave (12.4%) e di patologie che riconoscono l'evento ischemico come favorente quali NEC (2.7%) e IR (1.6%). Una condizione di sofferenza ipossicoischemica cerebrale, evidenziata da alterazioni neuroradiologiche, si ha nel 14.4% dei soggetti.Si e valutata la morbilita della popolazione suddividendo i soggetti in base a placentazione, sviluppo intrauterino, ordine di nascita e concordanza di peso o meno nella coppia. Asfissia (6.5%), RDS (35.5%), PDA (10.3%) sono significativamente piu frequenti