The genus Paramignya (Rutaceae) comprises about 30 species typically distributing in tropical Asia. Like other genera of the family Rutaceae, the significant variation in the morphology of Paramignya species makes the taxonomic study and accurate identification become difficult. In Vietnam, Paramignya species have been mostly found in Khanh Hoa and Lam Dong provinces and used as traditional medicines. Recently, Paramignya trimera, a species of the genus Paramignya with local name “Xao tam phan” has been drawn attention and intensively exploited to treat liver diseases and cancers. However, the significant variations in the morphology and different local names of P. trimera have caused confusion and difficulty in the accurate identification and application of this plant for medicine. In this study, the combination of both morphological and DNA sequence data has effectively supported the taxonomic identification of P. trimera and some relatives collected in Khanh Hoa and Lam Dong provinces. The comparison of the morphology and analysis of the phylogenetic trees suggested that there was a significant variation of P. trimera. In addition, some accessions of P. trimera with morphological characteristics similar and Atalantia buxifolia were likely the intergeneric hybrids between the two species. Analysis of genetic variation, interspecific and intraspecific distances using ITS, matK and rbcL sequences shown that P. trimera was closely related to A. buxifolia, Severinia monophylla and Luvunga scandens. In addition, matK sequences represented as the effective candidate DNA barcode to identify and distinguish Paramignya species from others of the family Rutaceae.
Green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is best known for astaxanthin production. The cultivation of H. pluvialis involves two main phases, namely green vegetative stage and cyst stage with astaxanthin accumulation. In fact, the growth of H. pluvialis in the vegetative stage is one of the most important parts in the entire cultivation process. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of temperature, inoculum size, CO 2 concentration and light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the specific growth rate, cell density and dry weight of H. pluvialis in the vegetative stage. Results indicated that the temperature from 25 to 28 0 C and the inoculum size from 3×10 4 cells.ml-1 were suitable for the growth of the studied strain. Illumination with red light LEDs (630 nm) at 80 μE.m-2 .s-1 , the highest specific growth rate (µ) was 0.197 day-1 and the maximal density was of 2.87×10 5 cells.ml-1. A concentration of 5% CO 2 (v/v) was the optimal dose for the growth of this strain. Under the condition of both 5% CO 2 and illumination with red light LEDs at 80 μE.m-2 .s-1 , the specific growth rate was 0.242 day-1 and the cell density was 4.28×10 5 cells.ml-1. Illumination with only blue LEDs (430 nm) at 120 μE.m-2 .s-1 stimulated the astaxanthin accumulation with a maximum content at 2.36 µg.ml-1 .
Chaetoceros calcitrans is a marine planktonic diatom with small-sized and high-nutrient commonly used as a feed for larvae of aquatic species. In Vietnam, C. calcitrans is often cultivated from small vessels and subsequently gradually increased the culture volume to large open tanks. Although C. calcitrans is widely cultured in aquaculture hatcheries, the cultivation process is still facing many difficulties such as unstable growth, low density or collapse due to the high risk of contamination, low quality of seeding, insufficient mixing or aeration and the control of ambient conditions. This study investigated the airlift photobioreactor systems (ALPBR) for seedling cultivation of C. calcitrans. The ALPBR was constructed by using transparent glass tubes with a diameter of 32 mm, a total length of 18 m, and volume 14.5 l. The system was optimally operated at an inoculation of 0.5-0.75×106 cell.ml-1, the flow rate at 40 cm.s-1and the solar light intensity at 12.5 klux at a temperature of 26-28°C. The highest cell density was at 7.65×106 cells. ml-1. The obtained results may develop a model scale-up for algae seeding and biomass production as feed for aquaculture.
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is cultured in Vietnam mainly as a functional food for humans and supplementary food for aquatic species. In the North, the most suitable time to cultivate Spirulina is from early May to late September. Other times, due to the decrease in light intensity and temperature, the growth of Spirulina significantly reduced and gave low yield, especially in the period from December to the end of February. This study investigated the influence of LEDs light on the growth of Spirulina during the periods from early March to late April (T3-T4), from early October to late November (T10-T11), and from early December to late February (T12-T2) in Hanoi. The results showed that the continuous irradiation of red LEDs increased the yield of Spirulina and pigments, phycocyanin, and chlorophyll in the two stages (T3-T4) and (T10-T11). The irradiation of both red and blue LEDs did not show a significant effect in the period T12-T2. Green LEDs did not significantly affect the growth of Spirulina. The research results provided an initial basis for the application of red LEDs to the extent of the cultivation time of Spirulina in the North of Vietnam
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