SYNOPSIS: This paper investigates the impact of one form of board diversity on the incidence of financial restatement. More specifically, we hypothesize that there is a negative relation between female board presence (defined as whether or not a board has at least one female director) and the likelihood of a financial restatement. Our hypothesis is consistent with a female board presence contributing to the board's ability to maintain an attitude of mental independence, diminishing the extent of groupthink and enhancing the ability of the board to monitor financial reporting. Utilizing the U.S. General Accounting Office (U.S. GAO 2002) report on restatements, we construct a matched-pair sample of 278 annual (187 quarterly) restatement and 278 annual (187 quarterly) control firms. After controlling for other restatement-related factors, we find a significant association between the presence of at least one woman on the board and a lower likelihood of restatement. Our results continue to hold in annual restatements from the post-Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) time period.
Institutions of higher education have increasing turned to web portals as a way to connect with students. These portals are designed to provide students a centralized point of access to information and services. In spite of the efforts put into developing and maintaining these portals, their use by students can be disappointing. The study described in this paper examines factors influencing the acceptance and use of academic intranet portals by university students. The research uses as its theoretical basis the technology acceptance model (TAM), one of the most widely accepted information technology utilization models from information systems literature. Two additional constructs, compatibility and enjoyment were added to the model to determine if an expanded model would better characterize user acceptance and use. A survey administered to 709 university students was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The data indicated that ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude from the basic TAM model all contributed significantly to explaining intention and usage of the portal. In addition, the integration of enjoyment as a construct was found to improve the fit of the model. Weak measurement properties precluded the analysis of the compatibility construct. The paper includes discussion of practical and academic implications of the research.
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