The 4-dimensional theory of a 1-form Abelian gauge field A coupled to a 2-form (antisymmetric tensor) potential B is studied. The two gauge invariances of the theory admit a coupling mB ∧ F where F is the field strength (F=dA) of A. It is shown that this theory is a unitary, renormalizable theory of a massive spin-one field with no additional degrees of freedom. In this sense, it is a generalization to four dimensions of topological mechanisms in two dimensions (the Schwinger model) and three dimensions (Chern-Simons theory). The issue of spontaneous symmetry breaking is also examined.
It is well known that a straight Nambu-Goto string is an exact solution of the equations of motion when its end moves in a circular orbit. In this paper we investigate the shape of a confining relativistic string for a general motion of its end. We determine analytically the shape of the curved string to leading order in deviation from straightness, and show that it reduces to an expected non-relativistic result. We also demonstrate numerically that in realistic meson models this deviation is always small. We further find that the angular momentum and energy are the same as for the straight string, but that the curved string has a small radial momentum not present in a straight string. Our results justify the common assumption of straight strings usually made in hadron models. ͓S0556-2821͑99͒04309-X͔
Starting from Buchmüller's observation that a chromoelectric flux tube meson will exhibit only the Thomas type spin-orbit interaction, we show that a model built upon the related assumption that a quark feels only a constant radial chromoelectric field in its rest frame implies a complete relativistic effective Hamiltonian that can be written explicitly in terms of quark canonical variables. The model yields linear Regge trajectories and exhibits some similarities to scalar confinement, but with the advantage of being more closely linked to QCD.
Recent lattice results for the energy of gluonic excitations as a function of
quark separation are shown to correspond to transverse relativistic flux tube
vibration modes. For large quark separations all states appear to degenerate
into a few categories which are predicted uniquely, given the ground state.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, references added and minor correction
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