Excited glue and the vibrating flux tube

A review of the theoretical and experimental status of hybrid hadrons is presented. The states π 1 (1400), π 1 (1600), and π 1 (2015) are thoroughly reviewed, along with experimental results from GAMS, VES, Obelix, COMPASS, KEK, CLEO, Crystal Barrel, CLAS, and BNL. Theoretical lattice results on the gluelump spectrum, adiabatic potentials, heavy and light hybrids, and transition matrix elements are discussed. These are compared with bag, string, flux tube, and constituent gluon models. Strong and electromagnetic decay models are described and compared to lattice gauge theory results. We conclude that while good evidence for the existence of a light isovector exotic meson exists, its confirmation as a hybrid meson awaits discovery of its iso-partners. We also conclude that lattice gauge theory rules out a number of hybrid models and provides a reference to judge the success of others.

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“…The authors of Ref. [63] used a simple quantized string model with fixed ends to obtain an expression for the adiabatic surfaces…”

Section: Relativistic String Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid mesons

Meyer

Swanson

2015

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

198

176

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“…LGT's [18][19][20][21][22][23], but they used different numerical techniques and did not reach distances large enough to appreciate the effects that we discuss in this paper. The novelty of our approach is that, by suitably combining the results of our simulations for all intermediate values or the interquark distance, we were able to directly evaluate the partition function of the model eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These theoretical predictions can be confronted with data obtained from lattice gauge theory: One can check the extent to which the theoretical expectations actually match the results of Monte Carlo simulations for a wide range of parameters and for different types of gauge theories, in particular simpler prototype models for confinement than QCD [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effective string spectrum of the tridimensional Bbb Z₂gauge model

Caselle

Hasenbusch

Panero

2006

J. High Energy Phys.

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We study the Z 2 lattice gauge theory in three dimensions, and present high precision estimates for the first few energy levels of the string spectrum. These results are obtained from new numerical data for the two-point Polyakov loop correlation function, which is measured in the 3d Ising spin system using duality. This allows us to perform a stringent comparison with the predictions of effective string models. We find a remarkable agreement between the numerical estimates and the Nambu-Goto predictions for the energy gaps at intermediate and large distances. The precision of our data allows to distinguish clearly between the predictions of the full Nambu-Goto action and the simple free string model up to an interquark distance r ≈ 10/ √ σ. At the same time, our results also confirm the breakdown of the effective picture at short distances, supporting the hypothesis that terms which are not taken into account in the usual Nambu-Goto string formulation yield a non-trivial shift to the energy levels. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of these results.

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“…Up to now, a many of effective methods was proposed [1,2,3,4] in evaluating the hybrid mass spectrum, for instance, by studying the quarkonium hadronic transition via multipole expansion [5,6], the bag model [7], the flux-tube model [8], lattice QCD [9] and QCD Sum Rules [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Whereas, those theoretical evaluation results diverse greatly with each other, and hence it is hard to pin down any exotic structures as hybrids in experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining 1⁻⁻heavy hybrid masses via QCD sum rules

Qiao¹,

Tang²,

Hao³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The masses of 1 −− charmonium and bottomonium hybrids are evaluated in terms of QCD sum rules. We find that the ground state hybrid in charm sector lies in m Hc = 4.12 ∼ 4.79 GeV, while in bottom sector the hybrid may situated in m H b = 10.24 ∼ 11.15 GeV. Since the numerical result on charmonium hybrid mass is not compatible with the charmonium spectra, including structures newly observed in experiment, we tempt to conclude that such a hybrid does not purely exist, but rather as an admixture with other states, like glueball and regular quarkonium, in experimental observation. However, our result on bottomonium hybrid coincide with the "exotic structure" recently observed at BELLE.

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Excited glue and the vibrating flux tube

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Hybrid mesons

Hybrid mesons

On the effective string spectrum of the tridimensional Bbb Z₂gauge model

Determining 1⁻⁻heavy hybrid masses via QCD sum rules

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Excited glue and the vibrating flux tube

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Hybrid mesons

Hybrid mesons

On the effective string spectrum of the tridimensional Bbb Z2gauge model

Determining 1−−heavy hybrid masses via QCD sum rules

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Product

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On the effective string spectrum of the tridimensional Bbb Z₂gauge model

Determining 1⁻⁻heavy hybrid masses via QCD sum rules