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The effect of CuO addition on the phase composition of clinker and the Cu incorporation into the structure of clinker phases was monitored under laboratory conditions. Separate synthesized CuO‐doped clinker phases as well as clinkers with different CuO content up to 4 wt.% were characterized by XRD, optical and electron microscopy with EDS analysis. It has been found that Cu tends to form a separate phase or a double oxide with Ca and incorporates in the clinker phases to a limited extent, except for C4AF. With increasing CuO content in clinker, its phase composition changes, and the size of alite crystals increases.

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4 or C2S) containing foreign ions occurs as a component of Portland cement clinker and is called belite. Belite has a lower hydraulic activity than alite, which is the main component of Portland cement clinker. Belite can be prepared at lower expenditure and its hydraulic activation can have important impact on the economy and sustainability of the cement industry. This research focused on the activation of C2S by incorporation of SO3 into its crystal structure. This paper describes experiments with pure chemicals that characterise substitution of SiO2 by SO3 and its influence on the hydraulic activation of C2S. It was confirmed that sulfur stabilises the monoclinic modification β-C2S. The maximum content of SO3 in C2S under common laboratory burning conditions was approximately 4·4 wt%. The hydraulic activity of prepared β-C2S doped with SO3 was up to three times higher than in the reference non-activated β-C2S.

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