Coastal communities living in the low delta areas of Vietnam are increasingly vulnerable to tropical storms and related natural hazards of global climate change. Particularly in the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (RRDBR), farmers change the crop structure and diversify agricultural systems to adapt to the changing climate. The paper deals with a quantitative approach combined with behavior theories and surveyed data to analyze farmers’ intention to climate change adaptation in agriculture. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), seven constructs are developed to a questionnaire surveying 526 local farmers: risk perception, belief, habit, maladaptation, subjective norm, adaptation assessment, and adaptation intention. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is implemented to extract eight factors and to quantify the relationship between protective behavior factors with the adaptation intention of the surveyed farmers. Two bootstrap samples of sizes 800 and 1200 are generated to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The SEM result suggests a regional and three local structural models for climate change adaptation intention of farmers living in the RRDBR. Farmers show a higher adaptation intention when they perceive higher climate risks threatening their physical health, finances, production, social relationships, and psychology. In contrast, farmers are less likely to intend to adapt when they are subject to wishful thinking, deny the climate risks, or believe in fatalism.
The colonization and growth of harmful fungi on the glass surface have caused irreversible damage to optical quality. Harmful grades observed on the optical instruments depend on the biological characteristics of fungi that vary from species to species. The present study focused on isolation, identification, and evaluation of glass biodeterioration properties such as organic acid and exopolysaccharide production of fungal strain Chaetomium globosum TTHF1-3 isolated from lens of optical instrument collected at Thai Hoa, Nghe An province. Under microscopic observation, the fungal strain TTHF1-3 cells showed brown or dark brown color perithecia and ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analyses, the strain TTHF1-3 was found to share 100% sequence identity with that of C. globosum species deposited on GenBank (NCBI). A in situ biodeterioration test exhibited the hyphal surface coverage of strain TTHF1-3 reaching 29.77±1.15%, which corresponded to harmful grade 2 based on the ISO 9022-11:2015 criteria. When incubated on MT4 medium containing glucose and mineral elements, the pH values of C. globosum TTHF1-3 culture were significantly decreased from 6.5 to 3.12±0.12, which was in contrast to MT1 medium. In addition, fungal strain TTHF1-3 was able to produce 8.2±0.3 g/L exopolysaccharides. The findings in the present study confirmed that C. globosum TTHF1-3 was harmful fungus responsible for glass biodeterioration.
<p class="042abstractstekst">Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a promising solution to improve plant growth under salt stress. Among PGPR, <em>Pseudomonas </em>is a genus of bacteria that possesses a variety of mechanisms in promoting plant growth and inducing resistance to biological as well as non-biological stress. This study aimed to isolate the<em> </em>genus <em>Pseudomonas</em> from the salty-contaminated rhizosphere of plant root collecting at Nam Dinh, and also investigate their functions in promoting the growth of peanut seedlings under salty conditions. Nine <em>Pseudomonas</em> bacteria were isolated, but only seven of them were identified by <em>Pseudomonas</em>-specific primers. Two of those seven isolates, ND06 and ND09, were chosen based on their characteristics in promoting plant growth such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. In addition, both two strains also carried the coding gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase which plays an important role in supporting plants to withstand various stress conditions. Especially, the ND09 strain improved the growth parameters of peanut seedlings under normal and salty stress conditions; while the ND06 only presented the plant growth enhancement under salty stress but not in normal conditions. These results suggest the ND09 strain may be used as a biological agent for eco-friendly agricultural practices in the future.</p>
<p class="042abstractstekst">In soil, a large amount of supplemented phosphorus (P) are immediately transferred into insoluble forms and only 0.1 % of them is available for plant uptake. Therefore, exploring naturally occurring phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms is an essential activity to exploit them in reducing mineral phosphorus added to agricultural soils. In this study, we screened and isolated 7 bacteria that solubilized phosphate at different phosphate solubilization indexes, ranging from 4.2 to 226.1. Of them, the most efficient isolate is PSB31, which solubilized tri calcium phosphate (Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> at a rate of 962 mg l<sup>-1</sup> and molecularly identified as <em>Bacillus</em> sp. (in: Bacteria) strain IMAU61039. This bacterial strain generated the low supernatant pH and the phosphatase, which are involved in the phosphorus solubilization mechanism. Furthermore, greenhouse experiments showed that tomato seedlings grown in PSB31-inoculated soil contained higher P amount and had much higher biomass than those plants grown in soil without PSB31 addition. These results suggest that the PSB31 strain has potential use as a biofertilizer.</p>
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