After menopause there is a greater tendency to visceral fat accumulation and increased arterial pressure, contributing to obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. On the other hand, exercise training promotes important benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors. In this sense, the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that the weekly frequency to practice regular physical activity should be, at least, 3 days a week. However, this recommendation applies to the general population, so the association of risk factors that is so frequently observed after menopause is not considered. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of different volumes of moderate aerobic exercise training on metabolic, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters in an experimental model of menopause fed with high‐fat diet. For this, 32 C57BL/6J ovariectomized mice fed a high‐fat diet were used, divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): sedentary (OSD); trained 3 days a week (OTD3); trained 5 days a week (OTD5); trained 7 days a week (OTD7). The administration of the high‐fat diet lasted 9 weeks, and the ovariectomy was performed at the end of the 4th week. Fasting glycemia and oral glucose tolerance were assessed before the ovariectomy and at the end of the study. Exercise training lasted 4 weeks (6th to 9th week of the protocol) at moderate intensity. At the end of the study, the animals were cannulated for direct arterial pressure recording, baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation analysis. The results demonstrate that the greater volume of exercise training (OTD7) provided a marked reduction in body weight, adipose tissue (OSD: 0.060±0.007; OTD3: 0.051±0.005; OTD5: 0.052±0.009; OTD7: 0.029±0.003 grams) and blood glucose fasting time (OSD: 158±6; OTD3: 145±5; OTD5: 143±5; OTD7: 133±5 mg/dL). In cardiovascular parameters, both exercise training performed 5 days (OTD5) and 7 days (OTD7) a week were able to reduce systolic and mean arterial pressure (OSD: 113±2; OTD3: 111±2; OTD5: 102±3; OTD7: 103±2 mmHg), heart rate (OSD: 655±14; OTD3: 538±30; OTD5: 532±36; OTD7: 520±12 bpm), improve baroreflex sensitivity (Bradycardic response ‐ OSD: 1.5±0.2; OTD3: 2.1±0.1; OTD5: 2.5±0.3; OTD7: 2.4±0.1 bpm/mmHg), increase parasympathetic modulation (AF‐IP ‐ OSD: 16.5±1.8; OTD3: 20.8±2.2; OTD5: 39.1±7.5; OTD7: 38.8±8.4 nu), reduce sympathovagal balance (LF/HF ‐ OSD: 2,7±0.6; OTD3: 1.7±0.2; OTD5: 0.9±0.3; OTD7: 0.9±0.2) and improve the variance of systolic arterial pressure (VAR‐SAP ‐ OSD: 20±4; OTD3: 19±2; OTD5: 10±2; OTD7: 11±2 mg/dL). In conclusion, the female public, especially after menopause, lacks specific guidelines for the practice of physical activity, since the minimum recommended for the general population (3 days a week) is not effective in managing the observed cardiometabolic risk factors in the association of ovarian deprivation and obesity. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by CNPq (435123/2018‐1 ICS).
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of atheroma plaque in the arterial wall, process that causes long-term obstruction of the arteries. Postmenopausal women tend to have greater body adiposity, factor that corroborate to increased risk of cardiovascular events and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of experimental model of atherosclerosis with ovarian deprivation and consumption of high-fat diet in metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic outcomes. 21 female ApoE-Ko were divided into 3 groups (n = 7 in each): control treated with normolipidic diet (C); ovariectomized treated with normolipidic diet (Ovx); ovariectomized treated with high-fat diet (OvxHF). Hemodynamic parameters, baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation were evaluated. Values (mean ± standard error of mean) were analyzed by One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc (p<0.05). The OvxHF showed increase in final body weight, adipose tissue, tachycardia at rest, in addition, there was a decrease in muscle mass, functional capacity, baroreflex sensitivity associated with less cardiac autonomic modulation. These findings provide evidence about the risk by the loss of ovarian hormones with food consumption and demonstrate the importance of adhering to prevention and treatment strategies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.