Background and Aim: Hospitalization of a preterm neonate is a major crisis for the involved family that significantly affects parents' quality of life. The main goal of empowerment programs is behavioral modification. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an empowerment program on the knowledge, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and attitudes of the mothers of preterm neonates. Methods: This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2014 on a convenience sample of 30 mothers whose preterm neonates were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Valiasr (PBUH) hospital, Birjand, Iran. An empowerment training program was implemented based on the personal empowerment model in seven 30-min personal face-to-face training sessions. The data were collected using a maternal and neonatal demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made knowledge and attitude questionnaire, the Vahdaninya and colleagues' self-efficacy questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Finally, the data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 18.0) and described using the measures of descriptive statistics (such as mean and standard deviation). Besides, the normality of the variables was assessed through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, while the paired-sample t test was used to compare the pretest and posttest scores of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and self-esteem at a significance level of 0.05.
Background and Purpose: Personal identity is the sense of being distinct from other individuals, which is of paramount importance during adolescence. Modern theories suggest that young adults perceive personal identity in different ways, and several factors affect this phenomenon. Leisure time activities are a significant element during adolescence. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between identity styles and leisure activities in adolescents. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 370 high school students in Birjand, Iran in 2013.Students were selected via stratified two-stage random sampling. Data were collected using Identity Style Inventory (ISI-6G, Berzonsky) including domains of informational, normative, diffuse-avoidant and commitment identity styles, and leisure time questionnaire including indices of different products, activities, spaces and internet use, in leisure time. Data analysis was performed using student's T-test, Mann-Whitney, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallisand Spearman's correlation-coefficient, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, a significant positive correlation was found between diffuse-avoidant/informational identity styles and use of internet (P<0.05), informational style and use of space (P=0.01), normative style and leisure activities (P=0.02) and commitment style with different products (P=0.03). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between commitment identity style and use of internet (P=0.02). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, leisure time activities have a remarkable effect on identity styles of adolescents. Therefore, families and organizations concerned with adolescence affairs should monitor quality of leisure activities in teenagers.
Introduction: Psychiatric nurses are regularly faced with stressful stimuli that lead to physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms; this affects the quality of patient care. Training can help us to apply effective coping strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive behavioral stress management training on job stress and psychiatric nurses' coping strategies. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2016 by 39 nurses in the Psychiatric Ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand. Convenience sampling method was used. The experimental group received eight sessions (each 90 minutes) of cognitive behavioral therapy training. Both experimental and control groups filled in two questionnaires (job stress DCL and coping methods PNMCQ) before, just after and two months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19, chi-squared test, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: Most of the stressed nurses were worried about future outcomes and methods used to adapt a positive attitude to job stress. Comparisons of the mean total score of stress were as follows: before the study 1.79 ± 0.88, after the study 1.50 ± 0.82, and follow-up 1.69 ± 0.6; they showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Cognitive behavioral stress management training is useful to apply effective compatible ways and reduce nurses' stress levels.
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